Page:The Russian Review Volume 1.djvu/213

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The recent introduction of temperance brought with it considerable changes in the social life of the people. Its immediate effect was to produce a kind of emptiness, which must be filled by other activities. The drinking-place is no longer there to fill the hours of leisure, and other means must be found to replace the relaxation offered by drink. In many places, educational and cultural institutions are being established and their work is conducted very effectively, for the sober population of the country welcomes these innovations most enthusiastically. The institutions are established mostly by the Zemstvos, and they consist of Sunday and afternoon lectures and classes, motion picture theatres, etc. The most elaborate project of this kind was that proposed by the Samara Zemstvo. This provides for the establishment in the government of Samara of six hundred and seventy-seven "Popular Centers." Fifty-four of these Centers would be located at the larger towns and cities, and would cost 810,000 roubles. Two hundred and thirteen Centers would be of smaller size, and their construction and equipment would cost 2,130,000 roubles. The other four hundred and ten Centers would be still smaller and would cost 2,050,000 roubles. The whole project would call for an expenditure of about 5,000,000 roubles. It is estimated that it could be carried out within ten years. Each Center must consist of meeting rooms, a large auditorium for lectures, a library, a motion picture theatre, etc. The Zemstvo expects that the central government will undertake a part of the financial burden in the carrying out of this plan.

According to statistics recently gathered by the government, there are, at the present time, over 182,000 war refugees in the provinces of the Caucasus. Over 100,000 of them are concentrated in the government of Erivan. About 95 per cent of the total are Armenians, while children constitute 38 per cent The refugees are penniless, and require constant aid.

The Socialist Party of Finland had, by the end of 1914, a membership of 51,520. The Party comprised 637 labor unions, forty organizations of farm laborers, ninety-five young men's societies, and 101 young women's societies, besides the regular party organizations. The Socialist unions owned 890 houses, valued at eight and a half million marks, their cash reserve was two million marks, while their indebtedness was four million marks.

The dependence of Russian industries upon Germany is well illustrated by the present condition of the church candle industry, which is conducted by the Church. Despite the fact that Russia is able to produce enough wax to supply the whole of Europe, her wax industry was entirely in the hands of three German firms, which were suspended at the beginning of the War with the result that the country experiences a shortage in wax. It was finally decided by the candle manufacturers to purchase wax in England, and almost 200,000 pounds have already been bought. The importation of this wax is expected to relieve the shortage. At the same