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of his wife and children. The father is, therefore, the head of the house in reality. But in the New World the boy contributes very early to the family's support. The father is, in this country, less able to make an economical place for himself than is the son. The little fellow sells papers, blacks boots, and becomes a street merchant on a small scale. He speaks English, and his parents do not. There is a tendency for the father to respect the son.

There is many a huge building on Broadway which is the external sign (with the Hebrew name of the tenant emblazoned on some extended surface) of the energy and independence of some ignorant little Russian Jew, the son of a push-cart peddler or sweat-shop worker, who began his business career on the sidewalks, continued it by peddling in New Jersey or on Long Island until he could open a small basement store on Hester Street, ending perhaps as a rich merchant on Broadway. The little fellow who starts out on this laborious climb is a model of industry and temperance. His only recreation, outside of business, which for him is a pleasure in itself is to indulge in some simple pastime which generally is calculated to teach him