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Rh of three classes: those who are pilgrims in this world; those who are dead to the world; and those who are crucified to the world. All this is a free translation of Bernard’s Seventh Lenten Sermon, De peregrino, mortuo el crucifixo: the vivid phrases of the Ancren Riwle compare very vell with Bernard’s more commonplace Latin, but that the whole discourse is based on Bernard’s sermon is undeniable. There is here no chronological impossibility, however.

The pages which follow are from a book of “Sentences,” but not one issued by Bernard.

The book of “Sentences” from which the author of the Ancren Riwle seems to have drawn is the Sententiæ Exceptæ, also known as the Declamationes, a book compiled from the sayings of St. Bernard by his secretary and biographer Geoffrey of Auxerre. From this book comes the text Vilitas et asperitas, which both treatises associate with the Vide humilitatern et laborem of the Psalmist, and which both treatises speak of as the two sides of the ladder reaching to heaven. From the same source comes the second sentence quoted as from St. Bernard in this section of the Rule, In sedibus quies imperturbata: in judicio honoris eminentia commendatur. Here again the sentence is quoted in association with the same text of scripture in both