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 Religious Conceptions and Feeling 203

posed by the Rishis of the past. The very ﬁrst hymn in the Rig—Veda strikes this note in its second stanza: “ Agni, worthy to be adored by the ancient Rishis and the present onesmmay he conduct the gods hither! ” Another time a poet of the family of Knnva sings 1: “ In the spirit of the olden times do I dress out my songs like (the poet) Kanva, through which (god) Indra gets his ﬁery strength.” Or again: “ (Hear), O Indra, him that hath produced for thee a new and lovely song, with comprehending mind a pious song such as of yore has strengthened the di-

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vine order of the universe.’ In more conﬁdent or ecstatic temper, the poets often declare that they have produced new songs of praise, and that, in their opinion, these are ﬁrst-rate songs. One poet recoms mends his “ new, beautiful song of praise, that comes from the heart;” another exclaims: “ I bring forward my word, the new, the fresh-born.” With all due respect to their predecessors this pretty nearly amounts to saying that the new hymns are just as good as the old, in addition to having the charm of novelty. One thing is certain: We have nothing like beginnings before us. The Rig-Veda is pretty nearly the ﬁnal expression of its own type of compo-

sition. What comes later in the way of sacred poetry

1 Rig~Veda 8.6. II; 0’. 8. 44. I2; 8. 76. 6. 9 Rig—Veda s. 95. 5.