Page:The Rebirth Of Turkey 1923.pdf/17

 CHAPTER XI

THE COLLAPSE OF CZARIST RUSSIA     98

The Czar abdicates—The French depose Constantine at Athens—Kemal urges Enver to withdraw from the War—Mr. Lloyd George's new war aims in Turkey—The Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907 abrogated—Pan-Turanianism leaps into life on the heels of the Russian rout—The Mudros Armistice opens the British road to the chaos in Russia.

CHAPTER XII

THE ANGLO-RUSSIAN WAR OF 1918-'20     108

How Mr. Lloyd George tried to impose alone upon Islam that fate which Great Britain and Russia had agreed to impose together in 1907—The Anglo-Persian Agreement—The "Central Asian Federation"—The American Mandate in Trans-Caucasia—The return of Soviet Russia.

CHAPTER XIII

THE GRECO-TURKISH WAR BEGINS     120

Constantinople and the growth of Greek Nationalism—Surrounded by British forces, the Turks go back to peace—Application of the secret treaties which the Allies had drawn up during the War—The Oecumenical Patriarchate breaks off its relations with the Ottoman government.

CHAPTER XIV

SMYRNA, 1919     127

Kemal returns to Constantinople—Turkish confusion in the capital—The Turks ask for an American mandate—How Kemal and Rauf Bey left for Samsun and Smyrna, respectively—The Greek Pontus program—The Greek occupation of Smyrna—The Turks go back to war.

CHAPTER XV

THE ORTHODOX SCHISM IN ANATOLIA     142

Kemal falls to the status of a "bandit"—Turkish Nationalism begins to re-mobilize and re-equip its forces—The Erzerum Program and the Nationalist victory in the Ottoman elections—How Papa Eftim Effendi broke with the Oecumenical Patriarchate—The Turkish Orthodox Church—Papa Eftim himself.