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 CHAPTER V

THE YOUNG TURKISH REVOLUTION     48

"On the morning of July 23, 1908"—The Old Turkish counter-revolution and its defeat—How Islam and the Christian communities nullified the Young Turkish program—Kemal's break with Enver and his retirement from politics—The Balkan wars and nationalism.

CHAPTER VI

GERMANY AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE     56

British policy at Constantinople—The Bagdad railway concessions—Russia's veto and the change of route—The Achilles' Heel of Aleppo—Germany and Islam—The British Indian frontier in Serbia—The Great War.

CHAPTER VII

CHRISTENDOM AND THE WAR     65

CHAPTER VIII

THE WAR AND ISLAM     68

Kemal hurries back to Constantinople and Rauf Bey asks the British Embassy to finance neutrality—Enver enters the war and Persia attempts to follow him—The hard position of Islam in India.

CHAPTER IX

THE ARMENIAN DEPORTATIONS OF 1915     76

Enver and the Armenian Patriarch—Where the Armenians lived—American missionaries and the Armenians—Russia and the Armenians—Great Britain joins Russia in the 1907 Treaty—Enver's demand for British administrators in the Eastern provinces—The War and the Armenian deportations.

CHAPTER X

THE 1907 TREATY AND THE CALIPHATE     89

Great Britain promises Constantinople to Russia—Arab nationalism and the Holy Places of Islam—The Hejaz becomes independent of Constantinople—The British capture Jerusalem—The Caliphate agitation in India.