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CHAPTER I

PAGE

MUSTAPHA KEMAL PASHA, THE MAN     1

His personal appearance—The Eastern tradition of government under which he was born—The Western tradition which he has sought to transplant to his country—The diversion of the Turks from a military to an economic life, which he is beginning—"Do you think you will succeed?"

CHAPTER II

THE OLD OTTOMAN EMPIRE     11

Kemal's birth at Salonica—How he became a Young Turk—What the old Ottoman Empire was like—The division of its population into religious communities—The Western challenge of its Rûm (Greek) community—Its duty to Islam.

CHAPTER III

THE YOUNG TURKISH PROGRAM     22

Kemal's arrest and his exile to Damascus—His eventual return to Salonica—What the Young Turks wanted—The religious conservatism which confronted them—The role of American missionaries and educators—Christendom vs. Islam.

CHAPTER IV

THE RUSSIAN MENACE     38

How Russia and Great Britain fought across the old Ottoman Empire—How Russia entered Trans-Caucasia and came into contact with the Armenians—How it approached the back of British India through Central Asia—How Great Britain finally surrendered in the Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907.