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 PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT. 137 you any ill will. You will now return home, and take your prisoner the King of Scotland, and conv-ey him to my wife ; and by way of remuneration, I assign lands as near your house as you can choose them, to the amount of five hundred pounds a year, for you and your heirs.' John Copeland left Calais the third day after his arrival, and returned to England. When he was come home, he assembled h.is friends and neighbors, and, in company with them, took the King of Scots and carried him to York, where he presented him, in the name of King Edward, to Queen Philippa, and made such excuses that she was satisfied. "And great magnanimity did Philippa display in being con- tent with the happy result ; how many women would have borne an unextinguishable hatred to John Copeland for a far less offense than refusing obedience to a delegated scepter!"* In 1347 Edward was elected Emperor of Germany, but wisely declined the honor. In 1348 broke out the pestilence called the Black Death, which swept off vast numbers both in England and on the continent, and amongst the number the Princess Joanna, the daughter of Edward and Philippa, celebrated for her great beauty. She died at Bayonne, whither she had gone to meet Don Pedro of Spain, to whom she was betrothed. We have now briefly followed public events until the com- mencement of 1349; and it is time to give some domestic ac- count of Philippa. Her family largely increased; in 1338, Lio- nel, Duke of Clarence, was born ; in 1340, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; and between this period and 1347 she had four other children — Mary, who afterwards married the Duke of Brittany; William, who died in his youth; Edmund, Duke of York ; and Blanche. Nor have we the means of ascertaining at this moment the precise dates of the births of her youngest children, Margaret, who afterwards married the Earl of Pem- broke, and Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, but probably she had not been married very much less than thirty years when this her last son was born. Philippa's life was that of a thoroughly peaceful nature in the midst of endless strife. During the whole of her reign the temple of Janus was open ; and the adverse Fates and her fierce lord tied her to their chariot wheels, and dragged her ceaselessly through paths of war and desolation. But admirably does she
 * Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens of England, vol. ii., p. 326.