Page:The Presidents of the United States, 1789-1914, v. IV.djvu/343

 INDEX 295 Office, Washington s rules relative to appointments to, i. 36-38; Jef ferson s course concerning ap pointments to, 141. See Civil Serv ice Reform and Spoils system. Offutt, Denton, ii. 250-251. Okechobee, battle of, ii. 130. Oklahoma, admitted to Union, iv. 139. Olney, Richard, attorney-general and secretary of state under Cleveland, iii. 264. Omnibus bill, Clay s, ii. 156. Ord, Gen. Edward O. C., iii. 55, 60, 61, 62. Orders in council, English, i. 223. Oregon, exclusion of slavery from, ii. 111. Oregon boundary question, ii. 77, 80, 105-106, 217. Orne, Colonel, i. 13. Ostend manifesto, ii. 191-192. Oswald, Richard, i. 81. Otis, James, influential argument of, against writs of assistance, i. 65; one of counsel to argue against stamp act, 66. Otis, Gen., in the Philippines, iv. 76. Packard, S. B., claimant for govern orship of Louisiana, iii. 130-131. Page, William, portrait of Lincoln by, ii. 300. Paine, Thomas, &quot;Rights of Man&quot; of, approved by Jefferson, i. 134; honor shown to, by Jefferson as president, 140-141; articles criticising, writ ten by John Quincy Adams, 220. Pakenham, Sir Edward, defeated by Jackson at battle of New Orleans, i. 271-272. Panama Canal, iv. 106-107, 118, 137- 138, 164-166. Panama Canal tolls, question of, iv. 183-184. Panama Republic, recognition of, by United States, iv. 106. Pan-American Congresses, iv. 116- 119. Panic of 1907, iv. 141-142. Paper money, craze for, in 1786, and resistance of Madison to, i. 167- 168. Pardo, Peruvian minister, iv. 120. Paris, treaty of, i. 27. Parker, Alton B., iv. 213-214. Parker, Gen. Ely S., commissioner of Indian affairs, iii. 75. Parsons, Theophilus, i. 220. Parties, development of political, dur ing Washington s administration i. 90-91; division into Whig and Democratic, 234, 290-291; multi plicity of, in New York state (1819- 21), ii. 7; Barnburner and Hunker factions, 17-18; American or Know-nothing party, 166, iii. ; death of Whig party, ii. 188; rise of National Republican and Demo cratic, in J. Q. Adams s administra tion, 208; the &quot;Liberal Re-publi cans,&quot; iii. 85; the Progressive party, iv. 144, 146, 188. See also Federalist party, Republican party. Whig party, etc. Party allegiance, attitude of Roose velt concerning, iv. 94-95. Party organizations, President Wil son s belief in, iv. 209-210. Paulding, James K., i. 48. Payne, John, i. 190. Payne-Aldrich tariff, iv. 173-174. Peace conference at Hague in 1899, iv. 77-78. Peales, portraits by the, i. 49, 51, 151- 152. Pemberton, Gen. John C., iii. 40, 41. 42. Pendleton, Edmund, i. 18, 121; quoted on Mrs. Washington s attitude to ward her husband, 52. Pendleton, George H., iii. 117, 177. Pension bills, iii. 257-258. Pensions to presidents widows, iii. 104. Perkins, Charles C., i. 5. Perry, Oliver H., ii. 40. Pet banks, i. 300, 302, ii. 15, 66. Petersburg, siege of, ii. 283, 291. Pettibone, labor agitator, iv. 109. Philippines, insurrection of natives in, iv. 76, 159; appointment of com missions to, by McKinley, 76, 80; first congress in, opened by Secre tary Taft, 124, 169. Pickering, Timothy, i. 222. Pierce, Benjamin, father of Franklin Pierce and governor of New Hamp shire, ii. 177. PIERCE, FRANKLIN (14th President), birth and education, ii. 177-178; begins practice of law, 178; early political activities, 178-179; elected to congress, 179; elected to U. S. senate, 180; activities in senate. 180-181; retires to private life. 181; leads fight to defeat John P. Hale for congressman and for sen ator, 182; a general in Mexican war, 182-185; successful career as a lawyer and advocate, 185-187;