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 then approach and deposit more gold, until they have satisfied them; neither party ever wrongs the other; for they do not touch the gold before it is made adequate to the value of the merchandise, nor do the native touch the merchandise before the other party has taken the gold."

Pomponius Mela (III, viii, 60) seems also to speak of the silent trade of the Himalayas; Ammianus Marcellinus, in the passage already quoted, tells of such a custom at Tashkurghan, the "Stone Tower" of the Pamirs, where silk passed from Eastern hands to Western; while Fa-Hien, describing a similar custom in Ceylon, ascribes it to the "spirits and nagas," the tutelary guardians of the precious articles of trade. (Travels, chap. xxxviii.)

65. Great packs and baskets.—The same thing is in constant use today in this region, being the regular burden of the coolies of Nepāl and Sikkim.

65. Petri.—Our author is misled by a fancied resemblance to the Greek petrus, fiber; the word is the Sanskrit patra, leaf. Otherwise the description of the preparation of the tamala leaves is correct, being corroborated throughout by Pliny.

65. Malabathrum.—The Cinnamomum tamala is native in this part of the Himalayas, being one of the principal trees.

So Marco Polo (II, xlvi), in his account of Tebet: "It contains in several quarters rivers and lakes, in which gold-dust is found in great abundance. Cinnamon also grows there in great plenty. Coral is in great demand in this country and fetches a high price, for they delight to hang it round the necks of their women and of their idols." (See pp. 82–4, 87, 89, 216–18, 256.)

66. Influence of the gods.—This is still the geography of Brahman writings. Like Tavernier in the 17th century, who summarized the Rāmāyana in his Travels, so this merchant of Berenice in the 1st century came under the spell of the great epics of India, as he sojourned among

The region beyond Sikkim, "impassable by reason of its great cold," and including the mightiest peaks of the Himalayas, was within the sphere of the Kukushetra of the later Vedas, the Brāhmanas, and the Mahābhārata, the home-land of the Brahman faith; with the greatest of all mountains, Everest, is associated the name of Gaurisankar, a name of Siva and Durgā; in the western curve of the great