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 Atabak 6 7 Avank signifies a governor or tutor of a lord or prince. From the time of tlie decline of the dynasty of Saljuk to the conquest of Persia by Halaku Khan (which occupies a period of more than a centuiy,) that country was dis- tracted by the contests of a number of petty princes, or governors, called Atabaks ; who taking advantage of the weakness of the last monarchs of the race of Saljuk, established their authority over some of the finest pro- vinces of the empire. One of the most distinguished of these Atabegs, was Eldiguz, a Turkish slave, whose de- scendants reigned over 'Azurbejan. The Atabegs of Fars were descended from Salghur, a Turkish general. Vide Eldiguz and Salghur, also Tmad-ud-din Zangi. There were four dynasties of these Atabaks. Atabak Abu Bakr,^^^' the son of Atabak Muhammad, the son of Eldiguz, succeeded his uncle Kizal Arsalan as prime minister to Tughral III Saljuki, in 1191 A. D., 587 A. H. He appears to have contented himself with the principality of 'Azurbejan, and fixed his resi- dence at Tabrez. His long reign was only disturbed by one war with his brother Kutlak, in which he was vic- torious. Kutlak fled into Khwarizm and encouraged Ala-ud-dfn Takash to advance against Tughral III whom he defeated and slew in 1194 A. D., 590 A. H. Abu Bakr died in 1210 A. D., 607 A. H., and was succeeded by his brother Atabak MuzafFar. Atabak Abu Bakr bin-Sa'd bin-Zangi, ii^l i^KM ^jJ ji:) ^) t-^j'3t^ vide Sunkar. Atabak 'Ala-ud-daula, ^J'^^^ *^ '-^^'t;, the son of Atabak Sam, one of the Atabaks of Isfahan of the race of the Dilamites. He died in 1227 A. D., 624 A. H., aged 84 years. Atabak Eldiguz, y-^i '^^'^'j vide Eldiguz. Atabak Muhammad, <^*'^ tJ^jGt^ was the eldest son of Eldiguz, whom he succeeded as prime minister in 1172 A. D., 568 A. H. When Tughral III a prince of the Saljukian dynasty (who was a child of seven years of age) was placed on the throne in 1176 A. D., Muhammad, ■who was his uncle, became the actual ruler of Persia. This chief after enjoying power 13 years died in March, 1186 A. D., Zil-hijja 681 A. H., in which year the con- junction of all the planets took place. He was succeeded by his brother, Kizal Arsalan. Atabak MuzaflFar, the son of Atabak Muhammad. He succeeded his brother Abu Bakr in 1210 A. D., 607 A. H., and not only inherited Azur- bejan, but a considerable part of 'Irak. He enjoyed this power 15 years; after which 'Azurbejan was invaded and conquered by Sultan Jalal-ud-din the monarch of Khwarizm A. D. 1225, 622 A. H. Muzaifar shut himself up in the fort of Alanjalj, where he died ; and with him perished the power of the family of Eldiguz. Atabak Muzaffar-ud-din Zangi, ts^j ^ft^A> cJ^jGi^ a prince of Shiraz, and brother of Sunkar, which see. Atabak Sa'd bin-Zangi, vide Sunkar. 'Ata Husain Khan, uf^ (jA-^ whose poetical name was Tahsin, is the author of the " Nautarz Murassa'," an Urdu translation of the " Chahar Darwesh." He flourished in the time of Nawab 'Asaf-ud-daula of Lakh- nau, about the year 1776 A. D., 1189 A. H. As a specimen of the Urdu language the Nautarz Murassa' was rendered objectionable for students, by his retaining too much of the phraseology and idiom of the Persian and Arabic. On this accoimt a simple version was execut- ed by Mir Amman of Dihli in 1802 A. D., 1217 A. H., which ia styled the " Bagh-o-Bahar," vide Tahsin. 15 Atal, '-^'^ a name assumed by Mir Abdul Jalil of Dehli in his poetical compositions, who gave out that he was by inspiration the pupil of Ja'far Zatalli, and wrote poetry in Persian and Arabic. 'Ata Malik, ^^■^ vjWe Ata-ud-din sumamed 'Ata Malik. Atash, U*'-'^; poetical name of Khwaja Haidar All of Lakhnau, who is the author of two Diwans or books of Odes consisting of Persian and Urdu verses. He died in 1847 A. D., 1263 A. H. 'Ata-uHah, 'V'' surname of several Musalman authors, but particularly of Taj-ud-din Muhammad bin- Ahmad bin-Ata-uUah, who is the author of a book en- titled " Hakam-ul-Atia" which treats on Musalman law, and is to be found in the Royal Library at Paris, No. 672. There is one Ata-ullah who is the author of a dictionary called "Firdaus-ul-Lughat." 'Ata-ullah, bin-Muhammad-al-Husaini Naisha- puri, author of the " Eauzat-ul-Ahbab," containing the history of Muhammad, of his companions, and of the twelve Imams. This book was written at Hirat and de- dicated to Amir 'Alisher in 1494 A. D., 899 A. H. He is also called Amir Jamal-ud-din Ata-ullah. He also wrote another work on the art of writing poetry, entitled ''Kitab Takmil-us-Sanaa't" dedicated to the same Amir in which he calls himself 'Ata-ullah bin-Muhammad-al- Husaini ISTaishapuri. He was wazir to Sultan Husain Mirza of Hirat, and died in the beginning of the year 917 A. H. At-har or Athar Khan, cJ^^ .JX^U the son of Amir Nizam-ud-din Eazwi ; he was a native of Bukhara, and came to India in the time of the emperor 'Alamgir, where he collected his poems into a Diwan. Ashir-ud-din, tiri*^' jir*'^, pronounced by the Indians Asir-ud-din, which see. Atma', poet whose proper name is Abii Is-hak HaUaj, which see. Atsiz, 3*^'^ one of the Sultans of Khwarizm called Atsiz ibn-Auk by Ibn Khallikan. Tutush or Turtush son of Alp Arsalan, who was lord of the countries to the east of Syria, caused him to be arrested, and having put him to death on the 21st of October 1078, A. D., 11th Eabi II, 471 A. H., took possession of his kingdom. Atsiz, j'*^', a Sultan of Khwarizm called by ibn-KhalH- kan, Atsiz the son of Kutb-ud-din Muliammad the son of Anushtakfn. He was cotemporary with Sultan Sanjar Saljukf, with whom he had several battles. He died in 1166 A. D., 6th Jamad II, 551 A. H., and was succeeded to the throne by his son Alp Arsalan who is also called Apa Arsalan. He died in 1162 A. D., 19th Kajab, 557 A. H. Atsiz, son of Ala-ud-din Hasan Jahan S6z, king of Ghor. He reigned after Baha-ud-din Sam, and was killed in a battle against Taj-ud-din Elduz prince of Ghazni some time about the year 1211 A. D., 608 A. H. He was the last of the kings of Ghor of this branch. 'Attar, > ^^') poetical name of Farid-ud-din Attai-, which see. Aurangzeb, V-^/Hy'? a name of the emperor 'Alamgir, which see. Avank Khan, o''*' '-^-j'^ or Ung Khan, a prince of the tribe of Karit or Eu-it, a tribe of MughalS or Oriental Tartars, who made profession of the Christian religion.