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 Aohad-nddin 52 Ardislaer Tartars. He was a pupil of Aohad-uddm Kirmani ; died in 1337 A. D., 738 A. H., and was buried at Maragha in Tabreiz. Aohad-uddin Isfahani, _ cs^^l ui'^^^'^'^-}^, (Shaikh) a Persian poet, vide Aohadi. " Aohad-uddin Kirmani, c5^^/ tir^'^-'l'^^jt, (Shaikh) author of the " Misbah-ul-Arwah." He flourished in the reign of Al-Mustanasar Billah, khali'f of Baghdad, and died in the year 1298 A. D., 697 A. H. His poetical name is Hamid. He was a cotemporary of Shaikh Sa'di of Shiraz. Aohad-uddin, the surname of the celebrated Anwari, which see. Aoji, i^^j'j a P'Jct who died in 1640 A. D., lOoO A. H. Aurang, ^bj^t name of a lover whose mistress was Gul- chehra. Aurangataadi Begam, f>^i> ls^^^j}^, one of the wives of the emperor Aurangzeb 'Alamgi'r. Aurangzeb, "r^iJ^Jj'j the son of Shah Jahan emperor of Dehli. On his accession to the throne, he took the title of 'Alamgi'r, agreeably to the custom of the Eastern princes, who always assume a new one on that occasion. Vide 'Alamgir. Apa Sahib, <-*^''* 'v'^^ a nephew of Eaghoji Bhonsla II, and cousin to Parsaram Bhonsla, commonly called Bala Sahib, raja of Nagpur or Berar. The latter succeeded his father in March 1816, but being an idiot and unfit to rule, 'Apa Sahib assumed the chief authority under the title of Regent, and had the sole conduct of the public affairs. Although he was in a great degree indebted for his ele- vation to the English Government, he early evinced a dis- position as inconsistent with the gratitude which he owed to that State, as with the obUgations of good faith. It was also discovered that he had secretly murdered his predecessor Bala Sahib (Parsaram) in order to obtain that elevation which he had so disgraced. He was conse- quently seized in the beginning of the year 1818, and brought to the Eesidency, where he continued in confine- ment till directed to be sent under a strong escort to the Company's territories. When arrived at Eaichora, a village within one march from Jabalpur, he contrived by bribing some of his guards, to make his escape. It is believed that, after having for a short period found a refuge in Asfrgurh, he fled to the Panjab where he re- mained a miserable dependant on the charity of Eaja Eanjit Singh. After the dethronement of 'Apa Sahib, the grandson of Eaghoji Bhonsla was raised to the masnad of Nagpur. Vide Partap Singh Karayan. Apa Sahib, V^^'* ^v''^; also called Shalyi, third brother of Paiiap Singh Narayan, raja of Satara. After the de- thronement of his brother in 1839, he was placed on the masnad of Satara by the British Government, and died on the 6th April, 1848. Before his death he expressed a wish that he might adopt as a son, a boy by name Bal- want Rao Bhonsla, it was, however, determined to annex Satara. 'Arabshah, ^^'"'r'J^, author of a history of Amir Taimur (Tamerlane) called " Ajaeb-ul-]Iakdur," and of a treatise on the unity of God. He was a native of Damascus, where he died in 1450 A. D., 854 A. H. He is also called Ibn 'Arabshah, and Ahmad Ibn Arabshah. Aram Banc Begam, i^h^, a daughter of the emperor Akbar, who died in the 40th year of her age in 1624 A. D., 1033 A. H., during the reign of Jahangir her brother, and is buried in the mausoleum of Akbar at Sikandra in Agra. Her tomb is of white marble. Her mother's name was Bfbi Daulat Shad, and her sister's name Shaki'-im-nisa Begam. Aram Shah, pb^^ (Sultan) king of Dehli, succeeded his father Sultan Kutb-uddm Aibak in 1210 A. D., 607 A. H., and had scarcely reigned one year when he was deposed by Altimsh, (the adopted son and son-in-law of Kutb-uddfn) who assumed the title of Shams-uddin Altimsh. Araru, i}^ ^ a zamind&r of Kora in the province of AUa- hdbad, was of the tribe of Khi'char, who taking advantage of the weakness of the empire, slew Nawab Jan Nisar Khan (brother to the wazi'r's wife), chakladar of that district in 1731 A. D., 1144 A. H., upon which 'Azim-uUah Khan the son of the deceased was sent with an army to chastise him, but the zami'ndar took refuge in his woods, and for a long while eluded his pursuer, who, tired out, returned to Dehli, leaving his army under the command of Khwa- rizm Beg Khan. Araru, emboldened by the Nawab's retreat, attacked and slew the deputy ; upon which the wazfr Kamar-uddi'n Khan applied for assistance to Bur- han-ul-Mulk Sa'adat Khan Subadar of Oudh, for the reduction of the rebel. Sa'adat Khan marched against Araru in 1735 A. D., 1148 A. H., killed him in a battle and sent his head to the emperor Muhammad Shah. The skin of his body was flayed ofi', and sent stuffed vsdth straw to the wazfr. Ardai Viraf, '-'bjCf'^J^ a priest of the Magian religion, who lived in the time of Ardisher Babagan king of Persia, and is the author of the " Aixlai Viraf Kama" which he wrote in the Zend, or the original Persian language. See Nousherwan Kirmani. Ardisher Babakan, ij^^hj'i^^j^, or Babagan, the son of Babak, was, we are told a descendant of Sasan the son of Bahman and grandson of Isfandiar. He was the first king of the Sasanian dynasty. His father Babak, who was an inferior ofiicer in the public service, after putting to death the governor appointed by Ardawan (Artabanes) made himself master of the province Ears. The old man survived but a short time. His son Ardisher, after set- tling the afi'airs of Ears, not only made himself master of Isfahan, but of almost all Irak before Ardawan, who was the reigning prince, took the field against him, about the year 223 A. D. The armies met in the plains of Hurmuz, where a desperate battle ensued, in which Ardawan lost his crown and his life ; and the son of Babak was hailed in the field with the proud title of Shahan Shah, or King of kings. He was contemporary with Alexander Severus the Eoman emperor. Ardisher (whom the Roman his- torians call Artaxerxes) having reigned 14 years as ab- solute sovereign of Persia, resigned the government into the hands of his son, Shahptir, called by the Romans, Sapor or Sapores, in the year 238 A. D. The folloxoing is a list of the kings of Persia of the Sdsdnian race. 1. Ardisher. 16. Hurmuz or Hurmuzd III. 2. Shahpur I. 17. Firoz. 3. Hurmuzd I. 18. Balas or Palash. 4. Bahram I. 19. Kubad. 6. Bahram II. 20. Jamasp. 6. Bahram III. 21. Nausherwan (Kasra), 7. Narsi. 22. Hurmuzd. 8. Hmmuzd 11. 23. Khusro Parwez. 9. Shahpur II. 24. Sheroya. 10. Ardisher II. 25. Ardisher III. 11. Shahpur III. 26. Shaln-iar. 12. Bahram IV. 27. Turan or Pfiran Dukht. 13. Yezdijard I. 28. Azai-rm Dukht. 14. Bahram Gor. 29. Earrukhzad Bakhtiar. 15. Yezdijard II. 30. Yezdijard HI.