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 Ahma 28 Ahma chief labour devolved upon Mulla Ahmad. The compila- tion of the first two volumes up to the time of Chingiz Khan was just finished hy him, when Miiza Fiilad Bii'las, during the month of January 1588, Safar, 996 A. H.. persuaded the Mulla, who was alwaj'S openly re- viling the first khalifas, to leave his own house at midnight on some pretence, and then murdered him in a street of Lahor. For this act Mirza Fulad was sentenced to death, was hound alive to the leg of an elephant in the city of Lahor, and dragged along tiU he died. The Mulla expired three or four days after the Mirza. After the death of Mulla Ahmad, the remainder of the work was written by Asaf Khan Ja'far Beg, up to the year 997 A. H., or 1589 A. D. Mulla Ahmad was buried at Labor, but being a Shi' a, who openly used to revile the first khalifas, the people of Lahor exhumated his remains and burnt them. Vide Am Translation, I, 206.] Ahmad Nizam Shah Bahri, aLij^Uij c>^s^^ the. founder of the Niz&m-Shahi dynasty of the Dakhin, was the son of Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, prime minister to Sultan Mahmud Shah Bahmanf. He had conquered many places in the vicinity of his father's jagir, and was besieging the fort of Dundi'ajpiir about the year A. D. 1486, 891 A. H., when he received intelligence of the assassination of his father, and immediately returned and assumed the titles of the deceased, and was generally known by those of Ahmad Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, to which the people of the Dakhin added the title of Shah. As he had distinguished himself repeatedly as a general in the field, though the Sultan wished to remove him from power, none of his nobility ■would accept the task of reducing him. - He, however, on the 3rd May 1490, 3rd Eajab 895 A. H., gained a victory over the army of the Sultan, and from that time he sat without opponent on the masnad of royalty, and by the advice of Yiisuf 'Adil Shah, who had already become independent, having discontinued to read the khutba in the name of the king, put in his own and spread a white umbrella over his head. He laid the foundation of the city of Ahmadnagar in A. D. 1495, 900 A. H., which was completed in two years, and became the first of the Nizam-Shahi kings of Ahmadnagar. He died in A. D. 1508, 914 A. H., and was succeeded by his son Burhan Nizam Shah I. The following is a list of the Nizam-Shahi kings of Ahmadnagar : — Ahmad Nizam Shah I, A. D. 1490. Burhan Nizam Shah, 1508. Husain Nizam Shah I, 1553. Murtaza Nizam Shah, 1565. Mii'an Husain Nizam Shah, 1587. Isma'il Nizam Shah, 1589. Burhan Nizam Shah II. Ibrahim Nizam Shah, 1594. Ahmad Nizam Shah II, son of Shah Tahir, 1594. Bahadur Nizam i^hah, 1595. Murtaza Nizam Shah II, 1598. The Nizam Shahi dominions fall under the control of Malik 'Aiiibar, 1607. Ahmad Pasha, Lilj i>.*^t^ a general of SulaimanI, emperor of Turkey, who when appointed governor of Egypt, re- volted from his sovereign in 1524 A. D. He was soon after defeated by Ibrahim, the favorite of Sulaiman, and his head was sent to Constantinople. Ahmad Rumi, i^'^JJ '^♦='1^ author of the Faik-ul-Ha- kaik, a work written in imitation of the Masnawi of jalal uddin Rumi. Ahmad Samani, j^l^UwO^l (Amir) second king of the race of Saman (Samanides), succeeded his father Amir Isma'il in the provinces of Khurasan, &c., in 907 A. D., 295 A. H. He was a cruel prince, and contended with his uncle, his brothers, and other relations for the extensive possessions of his father, more by intrigues at the court of Baghdad, than by arms. After a reign of seven years, he was murdered by some of his domestics on Thursday, 30th January, 914 A. D., 23rd Jumada I, 301 A. H., and his son Amir Nasr, then only eight years of age, was placed upon the throne of Khurasan and Bukhara. Ahmad was buried in Bukhara, and they gave him the title of Sultan Shahid, i. e. the martyred king. Ahmad Sarhindi, iS'^^ (Shaikh) entitled Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Sani, a dervish celebrated for his piety and learning, was the son of Shaikh 'Abdul-Wahid Faru- ki, and was born at Sarhind in A. D. 1563, 971 A. H. He was a disciple of Khwaja Baki, a celebrated saint of Dihli, and is the author of several works. He died on Tuesday, 29th November 1624, the last Tuesday in the month of Safar 1034 A. H., and is buried at Sarhind. He was called " Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Sani", or the " Eenewer of the second Millennium", because he adopted the general belief that every thousand years a man was born, who has a thorough knowledge of the Islam, and whose vocation it is to revive and strengthen it. He believed that he was the man of the second fsdmj Millennium (alfj. Ahmad, Sayyid, of Barha, brother of Sayyid Mahmud Barha, served under Akbar in Gujrat. He was in charge of Akbar's hunting leopards. His son, Sayyid Jamal- uddin, was killed by the explosion of a mine before Chitor.] Ahmad, Sayyid, of Bukhara, father of the renowned Shaikh Farid-i-I3ukhari ; vide below.] Ahmad Shah, JsUi entitled Mujahid-ud-din Muham- mad Abun-Nasr Ahmad Shah Bahadur, was tha.son of Muhammad Shah, emperor of Dihli, whom he succeeded on the 15th April 1748, 27th Rabi' II, 1161 A. H. His mother's name was Udham Bai. He was born in the fort of Dihli on Tuesday, 14th December 1725, 17th Rabi' II, 1138 A. H. and crowned in Panipat on Monday 19th AprU 1748, 2nd Jumada I, 1161 A. H. After a reign of 6 years 3 months and 8 days, he was de- posed and imprisoned, and afterwards blinded, together with his mother, by his prime minister 'Imad-ul-Mulk Ghazi-uddin Khan, on Sunday, 2nd June 1764, N. S. After this, he lived more than 21 years, and died on the 1st of January 1775, from bodily disease. He was buried in the front of the mosque of Kadam-Sharif in Dihb', in the mausoleum of Maryam-Makani. After his imprison- ment, ' Alamgir II, son of Jahindar Shah, was raised to the thi'one. Vide Proceedings, As. Socy. Bengal, for 1874, p. 208.] Ahmad Shah I, isl-i <y.*^^ second king of Gujrat, was the son of Tatar Khan, and grandson of Muzaffar Shah, whom he succeeded as king of Gujrat. The author of the Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh states, that his grandfather placed him on the throne during his lifetime, in the year 813 H. or 1410 A. D., and that he survived that measure five months and sixteen days. In the same year, he laid the foundation of a new city on the banks of the Sabarmati, which he called after his own name, Ahmad- abad, and which afterwards became the capital of the kings of Gujrat. The date of the laynig of the foundation of this city is contained in the words " Ba-khaii-", i. e. all weU. He died after a reign of nearly 33 years, on the 4th July 1443 A. D., 4th Rabi' I, 847 H., and was succeeded by hia son Muhammad Shah.