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 Unsi 278 'Usman concerned in the morning for what he had done. 'TJnsari accosted him with some extempore lines on the occasion, which so pleased the king that he ordered his mouth to be thrice filled with jewels. He wrote a Diwan consist- ing of 30,000 couplets, and died according to Daulat Shah, in the reign of Sultan Masaud I the son of Sultan Mahmud 1040 A. D., 43l' A. H. Dr. Sprenger in his Catalogue of Persian Books, says, p. 15, "that 'Unsari died in 1049 A. D., 441 A. H." Unsi, C5*^'j a poet, whose proper name was Muhammad Shah. He died in 1565 A. D., 973 A. H. 'TJqail, the brother of 'AH the son of 'Abu Talib, who not being entertained by his brother according to his quality joined Mu'awia 660 A. D., 40 A. H., who received him with open arms, and assigned him large revenues. His son Muslim, who espoused the cause of his uncle Husain, was beheaded by 'Ubeid-uUah ibn-Zayad in the reign of Yezid. 'Urfi, Maulana, a native of Shiraz and an excellent poet. His proper name is Jamal-uddi'n, but he is better known by his poetical title 'Urfi. He first came to the Dakhin, and thence to Agrah where he passed a few years in the service of Hakim Abu'l Fatha Gflani, after whose death in 1589 A. D., 997 A. H., 'Abdul Rahim Khan, KhanKhanan introduced him to the emperor Akbar who finding him to be a well learned man, and a good poet, employed him among his own officers. Not long after he died in the year 1591 A D., 999 A. H., aged 36 years at Labor where he was buried ; but as he had ex- pressed his msh in one of his odes that his remains should be transported to Najaf Ashraf where 'Alf is buried, his bones were accordingly after some jears sent to that place by Mir Sabir Isfahani and re-interred there. He is the author of several works, of which his Diwan and Kasaed are most-esteemed, and were, even during his life- time, very popular and sold in every street. 'Urian, cj'i;*; poetical name of Mirza Asad. 'Uskalani, ts^^^^^, an author, vide Shahab-uddm Abu'l Fazl Ahmad. 'Usman, Osman or Othman, iy'-**-=, the first Sultan of the Turks, was the son of Amfr Tughral who died in 1288 A. D., 687 A. H. His grandfather Sulaiman was a native of Balkh which country he left on the invasion of Changez Khan in 1214 A. D., 611 A. H., and went to Eome where he was drowned. 'Usman served under Sultan ' Ala-uddin Kaikubad one of the Saljtikian Sultans of Iconium in Karamania ; had received a grant of land in the direction of ancient Phrygia, where he took Brusa from the Greek emperor, and laid the foundation of that power called after him Ottoman or 'Usmania and on the destruction of the Sultanate of Iconium in 1299 by the Mongols, succeeded in obtaining possession of a portion of Bithynia. According to the work "Haft Aklim," the first year of his reign is fixed 1289 A. D., 688 A. H., and that he rei^-ned 38 lunar years and died in 1327 A. D., 727 A. H., and was buried at Brusa. His son Orkhan succeeded him. List of the Emperors of Turkey of the ' Usmdn or Ottoman famil^.^ ^ £j Muhammad II son of Murad. — 'Usman or Osman. Orkhan son of 'Usman. Murad I son of Orkhan. Bayezfd I son of Murad. Sulaiman son of Bayezid Muhammad I son of Bayezfd. ^. /t^? T. Mtirad II son of Muhammad. - - //6>P . /Si e> c Bayezid II son of Muhammad II. ' Yt-i " g I is Salfm I son of Bayezfd. - ' ^ ' i^; j Sulaiman I sumamed the Magnificent, son of Salim. 'q ^-^i' Salim II son of Sulaiman. "^-^ b Murad III son of Salim II. / ^-7^- ' ■ . ■ Muhammad III son of Murad III. ' T^) H '■^■''i- Ahmad I son of Murad III. ['-^ ^ /D X Mustapha I son of Murad III. i% I ?," 'Usman I son of Ahmad I. ,^ <,".^ / ; . i.Murad IV son of Ahmad I. f^'^ ' L 'Ibrahim son of Ahmad I. ^ h /o r>'Muhammad IV son of Ibrahim. - ^ £ /o Sulaiman II son of Ibrahim. z-^, ^ / // J ^ Ahmad II son of Ibrahim. ? ^.4 ^ ■ •, ..Mustafa II son of Muhammad IV. 'J]. ^ ///^Ahmad 11) son of Muhammad, i S V , ^ -tV« 2Mahm(id I son of Mustafa II. - " ' ■ ^>4y //^? 'Usman II son of Mustafa II. ^/"V ////Mustafa III son of Ahmad III.- Ahmad IV son of Ahmad III. /r/iSalfm III son of Mustafa III. — r JSIustafa IV son of A hmad IV. "'SMahmud II son of Ahmad IV. "■7 A.bdul Majfd son of Mahmud II. ■ Usman, Osman or Othman I, ij-^^, son of Ahmad I, (Achmet) succeeded liis uncle, Mustafa I (who was deposed in 1618) on the Turkish throne, and being unsuc- cessful in his wars against Poland in 1621, was by the Jannisarfs slain in an uproar 1622 A. D., and Mustafa again restored ; but this he enjoyed not long, tor the same hand that raised him to the throne, again plucked ' him down in 1623, and raised Murad IV to be their king. 'Usman II, o'*^.) brother of Mahmud I (or as some call him Muhammad V) whom he succeeded to the throne as emperor of Constantinople in 1754 A. D., 1168 A. H. He renewed, under severe penalties, the Muhammadan law, that his subjects should drink no wine. He died after a short reign in 1757 A. D., 1171 A H., aged 69 years, and was succeeded by Mustafa III his nephew. 'Usman, ^^'i* J-*-^^, the son of 'Aflfan, the son of 'Abu'l 'As the son of Umayya, was one of the favourite companions of Muhammad. He succeeded 'Umar as third Khalif after Muhammad, in November 644 A. D , Muharram, 24 A H., and was murdered after a reign of nearly twelve years in his own house at Medina by Muhammad the son of Abii Bakr, Ammar ibn-Yasar and several others on the 30th June, 655 A. D., 18th Zil-hijja, 35 A. H., aged 82 years. His corpse lay unburied for three days ; at last it was removed bloody at it was, and buried in the same clothes he was killed in, without so much as being washed, and without the least funeral solemnity. The dissensions which arose on the death of the Prophet, with re<rard to the succession to the Khilafat, were revived with renewed fury when, on the murder of 'Usman, the noble and unfortunate 'AH succeeded to the dignity of Amfr-ul-Mominfn ; and they eventually caused the division of Islam into two great parties or sects, called respectively the Sunnfs, and the Shias who differ mate- rially in the interpretation of the Kuran, and in admitting or rejecting various portions of the oral law. The hatred entertained between these rival sects has been the cause of constant religious wars and persecutions scarcely to be surpassed in the history of any nation or creed, and still separate the followers of Muhammad into two classes, by a barrier more insurmountable than that which divides the Eoman Catholic from the Protestant. 'Usman tain-Isa bin-Ibrahim Sadik, v!f^—i*c^ C^-*^^> author of a collection of traditions in Arabic called " Ghaet-ut-Touzfh."