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 Tughan 274 Turkan Tughan Shah. I, 0^-l=j a prince of the Saljukian family whose seat of government was Naishapur. This prince is said to have been defeated in his younger days, in a battle fought against Ibrahim bin-Nayal, who took him prisoner and blinded him. After some time his uncle Tughral Beg seized Ibrahim in 952 A. D., 451 A. H., murdered him, and restored the kingdom to his cousin Tughan Shah. The poet Arzaki lived in his time and wrote several panegyrics in his praise. Tughan Shah II, i*'-" ^^i', a prince of the Saljuk dynasty, who ascended the throne of Persia after the death of Sultan Sanjar and after several battles was defeated and slain by Takash the Sultan of Khwarizm and died in 1185 A. D., 581 A. H. Tughlak, c^, a slave of Sultan Ghayas-uddin Balban. His son, after murdering Khusro Shah, ascended the tlirone of Dehli and assumed the title of Ghayas-uddin Tughlak in 1321 A. D. Tughlak Shah, 8^ (3'*^ vide Ghayas-uddin Tughlak Shah and Muhammad Tughlak Shah. Tughrai, MuUa, ^i!j*Js, an author who lived in the middle of the 11th century of the Hijri. Tughrai, t^ir^-'=» surname of Hasan Abf Isma'il of Isfahan, a celebrated wazir of the king of Mousal, Sultan Masaud Saljukf. He was called Tughrai on account of his excellence in the species of writing styled Tughra, and also had the title of " Honors of Writers," but better known in Europe by his admired Arabic poem, entitled " Carmen Tughrai." Being taken prisoner in a battle where his sovereign was defeated by his brother Mahmud 1120 A. D., 514 A. H., he was put to death by that prince's wazir who hated him for his great abilities. A collection of the poems of Tughrai has been made, the most celebra- ted of which is that called " Lama-ul-'Ajam." Tughrai, ijS'iy*-f'> title of Amir Yemm-uddin of Alashhad, a poet and author of the Kulliat Tughrae Mashhadi, a collection of poems, odes, elegies, &c. which also contains the following prose works, all of which are entertaining novels; viz.: " Mirat-ul-Maftuh," " Kanz-ul-Maanf," " Majmua-ul-Gharib," " Chashmae Faiz," and " Anwar- ul-Mubarak." He died at a place called Fareomud in 1324 A. D., 724 A. H. There is an Insha supposed to have been written by him entitled "'Inshae Tughrai." He was cotemporary with the Tartar king of Persia Mu- hammad Khuda Banda and his son Abu Said. Tughrai Beg, Jj^^, (the Tangrolipix of the Greeks) was the son of Mikail the son of Saljuk, and the first Siiltan of the race of the Saljukides. Tughrai Beg and his brother Jafar Beg Daud, were in the service of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Aftei defeating Sultan Masaud I son of Sultan Mahmud in a battle fought in 1038 A. D., 429 A. H., he assumed the title and state of a sovereign at Naishapur. He subdued 'Irak, took Bagh- dad, and by its reduction, became master of the person of the Khalifa Al-Kaem Billah, who invested him as Sultan of Khurasan, appointed him viceregent or vicar of the holy prophet, and the lord of all Muhammadans. He gave his sister in marriage to the khalff, and his nephew Alp Arsalan afterwards married the daughter of the khab'f Al-Muktadi The Saljuk family divided into three branches and settled in Hamdan, KLrman and Eiim or Anatolia. Tughrai Beg died after a reign of 25 lunar years 1063 A. D., 455 A. H., aged 70 lunar years, and as he had no issue, he was succeeded by his nephew Sultan Alp Arsalan the son of Abu Jafar Daud. The following are the names of the Sultans of the Saljuk dynasty of Iran or Persia : — 1 . Tughrai Beg the son of Mikail the son of Saljuk. 2. Alp Arsalan, nephew of Tughrai Beg. 3. Malikshah the son of Alp Arsalan. 4. Barkayarak the son of Malikshah. In his reign the empire was divided, he retaining Persia ; Muham- mad his brother, Syria and Azarbaijan, and Sultan Sanjar, Khurasan and Mawarun-nahr. Tughrai II, J^*^, also called Tughrai king (Sultan) of the race of Saljuk, was the son of Sultan Muhammad the son of Alp Arsalan. He was raised to the dignity of Sultan by his uncle Sultan Sanjar 1132 A. D., 525 A. H., after the death of his brother Sultan Mahmud, and after a reign of three years died in October, 1134 A. D., Mu- harram, 529 A. H., aged 25 years. His brother Masaud succeeded him. Tughrai III, Jj^^, a Sultan of the Saljukian family, was the son of Arsalan Shah the son of Sultan Muhammad the brother of Sultan Sanjar. After the death of Sultan Sanjar, 1157 A. D., 552 A. H., Persia continued, for a period of forty years, to be distracted vtdth the wars of different branches of the Saljukian dynasty. The last who exercised power was Tughrai III who succeeded his father Arsalan Shah in January, 1176 A. D., Jumada II, 571 A. H., and after a reign of ten years was seized and imprisoned by his uncle and wazir Kizal Arsalan, who resolved to usurp the throne, but fell by the hand of an assassin in 1191 A. D., 587 A. H., and the kingdom restored to Tughrai. He was, however, after some years defeated iu a battle, taken prisoner and executed by Takash ruler of Khwarizm, 1194 A. D., 590 A. H., and his head sent to Nasir the khalifa of Baghdad. With this prince terminated the Saljukiar monarchs of Persia, who had governed that country, from the commencement of his reign of Tughrai I to the death of Tughrai III, 158 years. Tughtazani, L5'''j^> '»ide Tuftazanf. Tokaji Holkar, L£^i vide Takoji. Tuktamish Khan, w''^ ruler of Dasht Kap- chak whom Amir Taimur defeated in 1395 A. D. Tulshi Bai, i^^^ tJ^'^'^} the widow of Jaswant Eao Holkar, vide Jaswant Eao Holkar. Tulshi Das, u^'ii ts^^^ a Brahman and a celebrated poet 9,mong the Hindus. He is the author of the •'Eamayan" in the Bhakha dialect. He flourished in the reign of the emperors Akbar and Jahangir, was originally an inhabitant of Rajapiir near Chitarkot and Tarhuwan ; but went about as an ascetic from one place to another, and died at Benares on the 24th of October, 1623 A. D. In the Bhakha or pure Hindi, there are stiU extant many elegant poems, songs, &c., the productions of Hindui poets, viz., Kab Gang, Tulshi, Bihari, Girdhar, Lalach, Surdas, Kabir, Nauhak, and to these we may add the names of Malik Muhammad Jayesi, Ahmad Wahab, Muhammad Afzal, Amir Khan, &c., as they composed in both dialects. Girdhar Das is the author of another Eamayan. Vide Girdhar Das. Turkan Khatun, ir^y^ ^^y, a daughter of Sultan Jalal-uddin of Khwarizm. She was given in marriage by Halaku Khan, to Malik Shah son of Badr-uddin Lulti, priuce of Mausal.