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 Taufik 273 Tughan Taufik, M U 1 1 a, (S/t^ (i^P ^ of Kaslimir, a Persian poet. Tausani, t5^-*y ^ the poetical name of Manohar Das, who, though a Hindu, was also called Muhammad Manohar and Mirza Manohar. He flourished in the reign of the em- peror Akbar. The name of his father was Lonkaran (Salt Manufacturer). He was raja of Sambhar. Vide Eae Lonkaran. Tawakkul bin-Isma'il bin-Haji Ardibeili, tJ.A*#*.t '^^y, author of the work entitled " Safwat- us-Safa," containing the history of the celebrated Shaikh Safi, the founder of the sect of Sufis in Persia, and from whom were descended the royal Safwi family, written in 1397 A. D., 800 A. H. Tawakkul Munshi, author of the work called " Shahnama" " Shamsher Kham," a prose abridg- ment of the celebrated Shahnama of Firdausi, written in 1652 A. D., 1062 A. H. A translation of this was again made in Urdu verse by a poet in the reign of the emperor Shah Akbar II, 1810 A. D., 1225 A. H. Taya' or Tai Eillah, V^- t-^j a khalif of Baghdad. Vide Al-Taya Billah. Tayyabi, ls^^^j author of the " Hashia Kashshaf," and " Sharah Mashkut-ul-Masabih." He died in 1342 A. D., 743 A. H. Tazrawi, LSV^} Tadrawi. Tegh Babadur, J^V C-^ a guru or chief of the Sikhs, who having collected his followers, levied contributions from the inhabitants of his neighbourhood, in conjunction with Hafiz 'Adam, a Musalman devotee and his votaries, He was put to death as a dangerous heretic in the 17th year of the emperor 'Alamgir's reign, 1673 A. D., 1084 A. H. His body was divided into four parts and hung in the city. Tek Cband, '^'^ whose takhallus is Chand, was the son of Balram a Hindu of Sarhind. He is the author of the " Guldastae Ishk," Nosegay of Love, a Masnawf or poem containing the story of Kamriip in Persian verse. He flourished in the time of 'Alamgir. Tek Chand, Munshi, '^V, whose poetical title is Bahar, was a Hindu, by caste a Khattri and author of a work entitled " Bahar Ajam," a voluminous dictionary of Persian idknns, and another called " TSfawadir-ul-Masa- dir." The former work he completed in the year 1739 A. D. 1152 A. H. He also wrote another work called " Abtal Zarurat." Thatta, rulers of, V Nasir-uddm Kabbacha. Tippu Sahib, vide Tipu Sultan. Tipu Shah or Tippu, ^t^, a celebrated Muham- madan devotee of Arkat, fi-om whom the famous Tipii Sultan the sovereign of Mysore was named. His mau- soleum still continues, a favourite resort of the pious, and Haidar "AH Khan the father of Tipu Sultan had a particular veneration for him. Tipu or Tippu in the Canarese language signifies a tiger. Tipu or Tippu Sultan, U^-^V, the son of Haidar 'All' Khan of Mysore. He was born in the year 1749, J and succeeded his father in December, 1782 as ruler I of Mysore. During the American war he joined the French against the English ; but after the breaking out of the French revolution, he was alone exposed to the fortunes of the war. In 1790 he was defeated in Travancore, and yielding to the British arras, he con- sented, in 1792, to make peace with Lord Cornwallis by delivering up his two sons as hostages, and paying, besides part of his dominion, above three millions sterling. His intrigues with the French, and his machinations to destroy the English power, renewed the war in 1799. He was attacked by the British in his very capital, and was killed whilst bravely defending himself on the ram- parts on the 4th of May, 1799 A. D., 28th Zil-Ka'da, 1213 A. H., aged 52 years He was buried in the mausoleum of his father in the garden named Lai Bagh. Tipii, though oppressive and capricious, patronized the arts, and his fondness for literature was displayed in the collection of books found in his palace, consisting of various works in the Sanskrit language of the 10th century, translations of the Kuran, SiSS. of the history of the Mughal victories and historical memoirs of Hin- dustan, all which were deposited in the Library of Calcutta, and a catalogue of them was written by Captain Stewart and published. Ti'pii Sultan is ihe author of two books or collections of letters, one entitled " Farman-ba-nam 'AH Raja," and the other " Fath-ul- Majahidin," a part of the latter has been translated and published by Mr. B. Crisp of Bengal. Tirandaz Khan, U^^^JI'^'^^, a slave of the emperor Akbar Shah the Great, was raised to high rank and received the title of Khan. He built his house on a spot of ground consisting of six bigas in Agrah towards the south of the house of Islam Khan Rilmi. He was raised to the rank of 2000 and appointed governor of Ahmadabad by the emperor Shah Jahan. Tirmizi, iSy^J^t also called Hakim-al-Tirmizi. This was the title or surname of Abu 'Abdul ah liluhammad bin-' All, an author and philosopher of Tirmiz in Persia, who died in the year 869 A. D., 255 A. H. Todar Mai or Torar Mai, ^•*j3y, the celebrated minister of Finance or Diwan of the emperor Akbar Shah, was a Hindu of the tribe of Khattri of Labor. He was appointed Subadar of Bengal in 1580 A. D,, 988 A. H., and died at Labor in the 36th year of the reign of that monarch, on Monday the 10th of November, 1589 A. D., 11th Muliarram, 998 A. H. Abu'l Fazl describes him as entirely devoid of avarice and quite sincere, but of a malicious and vindictive temper, and so observant of the fasts and other superstitions of the Hindus, as to draw down on him reproof even from Akbar. Tufail, '■^i^} the name of 'Ali's nephew. Tughan Khan, Cj'*^, the Muhammadan governor of Bengal in 1243 A. D. He invaded the principality of Jahazpur in Urysa, and was defeated by its raja, who pursued him into Gour, his metropolis ; but reinforce- ments from Audh compelled the raja subsequently to retreat. Tughan Taimur Khan, jj*^ ^'^-t, a descendant of the Mughal kings of Persia and ruler of Jurjan. After the death of Sultan Abii Said and Arpa Khan, he con- quered several provinces of Khurasan and subdued the Sarbadals of that place. He was at last slain by Khwaja Ahia Kiratf chief of the Sarbadals on Saturdav the 14th of December, 1353 A. D., 16th Zi-Ka'da, 754 A. "H. 69