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 Sikandar 260 Sikandar Sikandar, J"*^*", poetical name of Khalifa Sikandar who used to write beautiful Marsias in the Purbi', Marwari and Panjabf language, and is the author of a poem con- taining the story of the Fish, the Ferryman and king Dilkhwar. Sikandar >Adil Shah, »^ U j:«, the last of the kings of Bijapur. He succeeded his father 'AH 'Adil Shah II when an infant about the year 1672 A. D., 1083 A. H., but never acquired any real power, being the tool of his nobility. In the year 1686 A. D., 4th Zi-Ka'da, 1097 A. H, on Monday the 13th of September Bijapiir was taken ; the young prince made prisoner, and the kingdom with its remaining dependencies was reduced to the Mughal yoke by the emperor 'Alamgir. He died after three years' imprisonment. Sikandar (Prince), J!il>*'-i^'j<>^-«, the son of 'Umar Shaikh Mirza the son of Ami'r Taimur, after whose death he had several battles with his two brothers, Pi'r Muham- mad and Mirza Eustam, and took possession of Fars and Isfahan which they had received as inheritance from their grandfather ; on which account, his uncle Shahrukh Mirza, having defeated him in a battle, put out both his eyes. This circumstance took place in 1414A. D., 817 A. H. Sikandar Be gam, the ruler of Bhopal. She was bom in 1816 A. D. Her father was one of the Pathan or Afghan soldiers of fortune, who after the death of the emperor Aurangzeib, declared himself independent in Bhopal. On his death his wife was declared Eegent by his troops, and his daughter Sikandar Begam heir. She married her cousin Jahangir in spite of her mother upon condition that her husband swore to leave her the direct and visible control of all affairs. Her husband Jahangir died in 1845 A. D. She was publicly presented with the Grand Cross of the Star of India at the Durbar at A'grah. She died on the 30th October, 1868 A. D. Her Highness had conducted the administration of her principality since the year 1847 when she was first ap- pointed Eegent, with ability and success until the day of her decease. Her eldest daughter Shahjahan Begam succeeded her. Sikandar J ah, <->L>^ nawab or Nizam of Haidarabad, succeeded his father Nawab Nizam 'AH Khan to the masnad of the Dakhin on the 16th August, 1802 A. D, 16th Eabf II, 1217 A. H., and died on the 23rd of May, 1829 A. D., 19th Zi-Ka'da, 1244 A. H., after a reign of 28 lunar years and some months. He was succeeded by his son Mir Farkhunda 'All Khan, who took the title of Nasfr-uddaula. Sikandar Kadr, Mirza, J'^^J'^*>*«, the son of Prince Khurshaid Kadr, vide Taskhir. Sikandar Khan Uzbak, ^ic> e;'^ jiiS.^^^ a descen- dant of the roj'al house of that tribe also called Sikandar Khan of Kashghar. He accompanied the emperor Humayun to India, was created a nobleman by that monarch. He accompanied Mirza Haidar who took pos- session of Kashmir in 1543, and died at Lakhnau in the reign of the emperor Akbar on the 18th September, 1572 A. D., 10th Jumada I, 980 A. H. Sikandar Munshi, ij^>^ Secretary to Shah Abbas I, king of Persia. He is the author of the " Tarikh 'Alam Arae Abbasf," a history of that monarch, in three books, which he dedicated to him in 1616 A. D., 1025 A. H., vide Iskandar Munshi. Sikandar Shah, 2^-^ j<^^^'», king of Gujrat, succeeded his father Muzaffar Shah II, in February, 1526 A. D., 19th Shaban, 932 A. H., and after a reign of only three months and seventeen days was assassinated on the 30th May the same year. After his death his younger brother Nasir Khan was raised to the throne under the title of Muhammad Shah II. Sikandar Shah Lodi, Sultan, (S^J^ j'^^, whose original name was Nizam Khan, was the son of Sultan Bahlol L6di whom he succeeded in July, 1489 A. D, Shaban, 895 A. H. He was the first Musalman king who made Agrah his capital. In his time a violent earthquake took place, when many houses were thrown down and several thousands of inhabitants lost their lives. This happened on Sunday the 6th July, 1505 A. D,, 3rd Safar, 911 A. H. It was in his reign that the Hindus first commenced reading Persian. He reigned 21 lunar years and some months, and died at Agrah on Sunday the 17th of February, 1510 A. D., 7th Zi-Ka'da, 915 A. H., Colonel Dow and General Briggs in their transla- tion of Firishta say, that Sikandar Shah died in the year of the Hijri 923 corresponding- with 1517 A. D , atd that he reigned 28 years and some months ; this is evidently a mistake, for the words " Tari Shud" shew the year of his death to be 915 A. H., consequently the period of his reign only 21 years. He was succeeded by his son Ibrahim Husain Lodi. Sikandar Lodi in his time had built a small fort at Agrah on the right bank of the river Jamna and called it Badalgarh. The emperor Akbar in the 10th year of his reign, viz., in 972 A. H., having demolished this part laid the foundations of another part of redstone which was completed in the course of 8 years superintended by Kasim Khan Mir Bahar this fort had three gotis and two windows and cost 36 lacs of rupees. This fort was accidently burnt down in the time of Shah Alam and Madho Eao Sendhia. Sikandar Shah Purbi, c5i)>^ He was raised to the throne of Bengal after the death of his father Shams-uddin Bhangeira, about the year 1358 A. D., 760 A. H. He had not long entered on his rule before his country was invaded by Firoz Shah Tughlak king of Dehli, who was, however, induced to retreat on Sikandar Shah promising to pay an annual tribute. He reigned in peace for a period of nine years and died in 1367 A. D., 769 A. H., when he was succeeded by his son Ghayas-uddin Purbi. Sikandar Shah S u r, jj^ jiU5:«. ^is original name was Ahmad Khan Sur, a nephew of Sher Shah. He ascended the throne of Dehli after defeating Sultan Ibrahim Sur in a battle fought in May, 1555 A. D., Jumada II, 962 A. H. He had not long enjoyed his good fortune however, when he was obliged to repair to the Panjab to oppose the emperor Humayun, who having re- turned from a long exile, was now advancing to recover his dominions. He engaged Bairam Khan the general of the army near Sarhind, was defeated on the 22nd June, 1555 A. D., 3rd Shaban, 962 A. H., and fled to the Sewalik mountains from whence he was afterwards expelled by the emperor Akbar 1557 A. D., 27th Eamazan, 964 A. H., and sought refuge in Bengal, where he died after two years. Sikandar Shikoh Mirza, j<x^5U»^ g, cousin of Bahadur Shah II, king of Dehli. He was executed for the murder of his wife in July, 1838 A. D. Sikandar, Sultan, j<^^^^ c)^-^, king of Kashmir, surnamed "But Shikan," or Destroyer of Idols, was the grandson of Shah Mir Darweish who introduced the Muhammadan religion into Kashmir. Sikandar by the