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 Muhammad 186 Muhammad had these tales told him at night, was Alexander the Great, in order that he might keep awake, and be upon his guard. The kings who came after him made use, for the same purpose, of the Thousand Tales, which fill up a thousand nights, and two hundred conversations heside, in the light of the moon, which were related in a number of nights. Asiatic Journal, Vol. XXXI, p. 237. Muhammad bin-Ismail, Ji*^t ly! vide Mu- hammad Isma'il and Al-Bakhari. Muhammad bin-Jarir Tabari, <x*^ iSX^^) author of several works. He died in 941 A. D., 330 A. H. Muhammad bin-Yakub al-Kulini, v^^*^ <^*^ Lsh.^J^^) author of the Arabic work called Kafi which is of high authority among the sect of the Shia. Muhammad bin-Kasim, (***^ iif^ •y^'^, was a cousin of the khalif Walid I, and son-in-law of Hajjaj bin-YCisaf Sakafi. He by the command of the khalif in the year 7liA. D.,92A. H., marched with a large army to Siudh and having defeated and killed the raja of that country took possession of it on Thursday the 23rd June, 712 A. D., 10th Kamazan, 93 A. H. From amongst the pri- soners captured in the fort of Alor, two daughters of the raja were sent to "Damascus, and the khalif sent them to his harem, consigning them to the care of his people until their grief should be assuaged. After two months, they were brought to the presence of the khalif ; when they raised the veils from their faces, the khalif was smitten with their beauty, and asked their names ; one was called Girpaldeo, the other Surajdeo. The khalif ordered one to his own bed ; she said, " O my Lord, I am not fit for the king's service, we have both for three days been with Bin-Kasim, who after dishonouring us, sent us here." The king was highly incensed, and directed that his ser- vants should seize Bin-Kasim, sew him up in a cow-hide, and send him to Syria. When Bin-Kasim received this order, he directed the messengers to do as they were directed. They obeyed the order, covered Bin-Kasim with a raw cow-hide : after enduring the torture for three days he died. They then put his body into a box, and conveyed it to the khalif who opening it in the presence of the two women, said, " Behold how absolute is my power, and how I treat such servants as Bin-Kasim." The women replied, " Oh king, just men ought not to be precipitate in great affairs, or be too hasty to act, either upon the representation of friends or foes." The khalif asked their meaning, they said, " We made this accusa- tion against Bin-Kasim because of the hatred we bore him, seeing that he slew our father, and through him we lost all our property and possessions, and became exiles from our own country ; but Bin-Kasim was like a father and brother to us, he looked not on us for any bad pur- pose, but when our object was revenge for the blood of our father, we accused him of this treachery : this end attained, do with us as you will." The khalif on hearing this, suffered great remorse : he ordered the two women to be tied to horses, and dragged to death, and they buried Bin-Kasim in the burial place at Damascus. See Journal Asiatic Society, Vol. VII, Part I, pp. 305-307. Muhammad bin-Kawam-uddin, i^A^^cb^ i^i <>-*^"*, author of a Persian Dictionary called " Bahr-ul-Fazael," the sea of excellence. Muhammad bin-Khawand, "^-L}'^ <>*a:'*^ mde Khawand Shah. Muhammad bin-Mahmud, O-r^-fl "i^^^^c/^ li^^ar^, commonly called Al-Isturushi, author of the " Fusiil al- Isturushi," a work principally restricted to decision, respecting mercantile transactions. He died in 1227 A. D., 625 A. H. Muhammad bin-Musa, Ls-^r* t^^ of Khwa- rizm, author of a work on Algebra called " Aljabr wal- Mukabila." This work was translated into English by Frederic Eosen. Muhammad bin-Murtaza, er~=^ cs-^y* lj- •^■^^^ sumamed Muhsan, author of a Shia law-book called the " Mufatih" on which a commentary was written by his nephew, who was of the same name, but surnamed Hadi. Muhammad bin-Tahir, II, f^^^^^ <y*s^, suc- ceeded his father in the government of Khurasan and was the last of the race of Tahirians. He was taken prisoner in a battle by Ya'kub bin-Lais about the year 874 A. D., 260 A. H., who took possession of Khurasan. Thus ended the race of the Tahirians in Khurasan who governed that province for upwards of 54 lunar years. Muhammad bin-Tunish al-Bukhari, isJ-^^^ crit^ author of the work called " 'AbduUah- nama," containing the history of the TJzbak Tartars originally from Dasht Kapchak, on the northern shores of the Caspian Sea. In 1494 A. D., they invaded Trans- oxania under Shah Beg Khan ; and having driven out the descendants of Taimur, retained possession of that country. The prince whose memoirs are the chief sub- ject of this work, was 'Abdullah Khan ; he was a contem- porary of the renowned Akbar emperor of Hindustan, with whom he kept up constant correspondence and interchange of ambassadors, and died 1595 A. D., 1005 A. H. Tliia book was dedicated to Nizam-uddin Kokal- tash. Muhammad bin- Ya'kub, ti^-? author of the work called Kamus, vide Firozabadi. Muhammad bin-Ya'kub al-Kalini ar-Razi, ^jj;Kjt ^jSixj 1^*=:'*^ who is called the Eais ul-Mu- haddisin, or chief of the traditionists, is the author of the "Jama' ul-Kafi," which is reckoned one of the books of the ft^utub Arba'. It is of vast extent, comprising no less than thirty books ; and its author is said to have been em- ployed twenty years in its composition. He also wrote several other works of less note and died at Baghdad in 939_A. D., 328 A. H. Muhammad bin- Yusaf, c^J^* i^i o.*^. f*'^, a physician of Hirat and author of an Arabic Dictionary, called " Bahr-ul-Jawahir," or the Sea of Jewels, said to be an Encyclopaedia or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Muhammad bin- Yusaf, cSLV* ^'^ji <j.*i=-«j Hirat, author of the " Tarikh Hind." This work no doubt (says Mr.^ H. M. Elliot) is the same as " Eisalae Ajaeb wa-Gharaeb-i-Hitidustan," since the author of that treatise also bears the name of Muhammad Yiisaf Hirwi. This author appears to have been contemporary with" and to have conversed with Khwaja Hasan of Dehli who was a disciple of Nizam-uddin Aulia who died in 1325 A. D. 35 Muhammad Bukhari, Sayyad, <^ isj'^ <i*s^' father of Sayyad Ahmad Jalal Bukhari. He had many disciples in the time of Shah Jahan. Close by the western gate of the Eauza of Tajganj is his shrine. He died in the year 1045 A. H.