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 Muhammad 185 Muhammad A. D., 25th Jumada II, 1012 A. H., and is buried at Dehli close to the Kadam Easul. Nizam-uddm Ahmad has mentioned him in his work called Karamat ul-Aulia. Muhammad Bakhsh, ^^t^, whose poetical name is Mahjur, is the author of a work in Urdu called Nauratan or the nine jewels containing numerous stories which he completed in the first year of Nawab Ghazi- uddin Haidar of Lakhnau or 1230 A. H. He is also the author of two other works of the same description one called " Gulshan Naubahar" and the other " Char Cha- man." Muhammad. Bakir, t^** <>*s'«^ sumamed Maj- lisi (or the Ornament of Assemblies) the son of Muham- mad Taki, was Shaikh ul-Islam or high priest of the city of Isfahan, and one of the most celebrated Shia lawyers and learned scholar that Persia ever produced in general literature, law and theology. Such was the esteem in which he was held, that Shah Sulaunan pressed upon him the hand of his daughter, which, strange to say, he declined. One alone of this celebrated man's works, called "Hakk ul-Yek'm" which he dedicated to Shah Hu- sain, extends to fourteen foho volumes. It contains a body of the theology of the Shias, and quotes and refutes • the arguments opposed to the opinions advanced, illus- trating the whole with evidences of the truth of the Shia doctrines and with numerous traditions. Besides this, he wrote on many other subjects. One of his works treating exclusively of Hadi's, is called " Bahr ul-Anwar." He died 1698 A. D., 1110 A. H., aged 72 years. Muhammad Bakir Damad, Mir, <>*s^ ^^■^1^. His father Sayyad Ma,hmud was styled Damad, because he was the son-in-law of Shaikh 'AH 'Amili. He was a native of Astrabad in Persia. Muhammad Bakir his son was also styled Damad, because he married the daughter of Shah 'Abbas I, king of Persia. He resided ^or many years in Isfahan, and is the author of several compilations, one of which is called Utkil Mubun. He died 1630 A. D., 1040 A. H., vide Mir Bakir Damad. Muhammad Bakir, Imam, j^^^. <^*^'^ f>^, the son of Imam Zain-ul 'Abidfn, was the fifth Imam of the race of 'All. He was bom on the 17th of December, 676 A. D., 3rd Safar, 57 A. H., and died in the month of May or June, 731 A. D., Rabi' I, 113 A. H. His corpse was carried to Madina and interred at the Bakfa -cemetery, in the vault wherein was deposited the bodies of his father and his father's uncle ; it is placed under the same dome which covers the tomb of 'Abbas. Some authors have given the day of his death to be 28th January, 733 A. D., which corresponds with the 7th Zil-hijja, 114 A. H. Muhammad Beg Khan, '-^^ ^iOe H&ji Muhammad Beg Khan. Muhammad bin-' Abdul 'Aziz, iDi <^'^, sumamed Wajudi, author of the work in Turki called " Shahid wa-Ma'ni." He died in the year 1612 A. D., 1021 A. H. Muhammad bin-'Abdur Rahman, »Xt^ CJ^'^^'j sumamed bin-'Ali Laila, was a very celebrated Musalman doctor, and Kazi of the city of Kiifa, where he was bom in 693 A. D., 74 A. H., and died in the year 766 A. D., 148 A. H. Muhammad bin-Abu Bakr, j^. er? a*^, i. e., the son of 'Abu Bakr the iii-st khalif after Muham- mad. He was made governor of Egypt by the khalif 'All, but was taken prisoner soon after in a battle fought against Amru ibn-ul-'As the deputy of Muawia I, who 4a killed him, and, inclosing his dead body in the skin of an ass, burned it to ashes in 657 A. D., 38 A. H. Muhammad bin-Ahmad, lsix^ ^1^.'^'*=^, of Hirat, author of the " Tarjuma Fatiih 'Arabi," con- taining the conquests of the Arabian Tribes and the domestic quarrels of the Muhammadans, commencing from the Khilafat of 'Abu Bakr 632 A. D., 11 A. H., and continued till the murder of Husain at the battle of Kar- bala in 680 A. D., 61 A. H. This work is translated from the Arabic, and was written in 1199 A. D., 695 A. H. Muhammad bin-'Ali, tj^ ty? <>^*j author of the Arabic work entitled " Abnai ul-Janan," containing the Life of Muhammad and Memoirs of his companions. Muhammad bin-'Amru at-Tamimi, jj*^ t:H author of a biographical work on the lives of eminent Shias. Muhammad bin-Is a Tirmizi, ^s"^^ i^'. '^*^'° iS'^^j author of the work called "Jama' Tirmizi." It is also called " Sunan Tirmizi" and likewise " Al-'Ilal." He was a pupil of al-Bukhari, and died in 892 A. D., 279 A. H. Muhammad bin-Is, cr'^ >>-*=r«, author of the " Risala Almua'jjam fee Asha'ar al-'Ajam." Muhammad bin-Husain, iu^-^^ ou^sc"^ author of an Arabic work on Jurisprudence called " Badaya-ul- Hidaya," and of another in Arabic and Persian entitled "Hayat ul-Fawad." He died 1086 A. D., 1098 A. H. Muhammad bin-Ibrahim Sadr Shirazi Kazi ul- Kuzat, ol^aJt ^^li <^;>i^A^j<^-e ^Ast|^Jl •x,^'*^ who is also called Mulla Sadr, is the author of the marginal notes on the " Ulhyyat." Muhammad bin-Idris, Imam, (.r^j^t f^, the founder of the third orthodox sect, who is said to have been the fii-st that reduced the Science of Jurispm- dence into a regular system, and made a discriminating collection of Traditions. He died 819 A. D., 204. A. H. Muhammad bin-Is-hak-u n-N a d i m, ^■*^ ^iJ.xJ( i3t:s:«|j commonly caUed Abu Ya'kub al Warrak, author of the "Kitab ul-Fehrist," the most ancient re- cord of Arabian hterature, written 987 A. D., 377 A. H. This work, though mentioned by Haji Khalfa, had hitherto escaped the industry of European explorers but a portion of it (four books) has been found in the Eoyal Library of Paris, and the remainder in Herr von Hammer-Purgstall's collection. By a passage iu the Fehrist, that learned gentleman has found" that the Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) had a Persian origin. In the eighth book, the author says that the first who composed tales and apologues were the kino-s of the first dynasty of the Persians ; then those of the Arsacides the third of the four ancient dynasties of Persia : these tales were augmented and amplified by the Sasa- nides. The Arabs, he then proceeds to say, translated them into their tongue, composing others like them. The first book of this kind was the Hazdr Afidna, or Thousand Tales, the subject of which the writer explains, mention- rag Shahi-zada and Dmarzada as the two females who practice the ruse upon the king. " It is said," continues the author, " that this book was composed by Humae the daughter of Bahman." The truth is, that the first 'who