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 Mubarik 181 Muhammad the youngest son of the late Sultan to the throne. Amir Khusro, the celebrated Persian poet who had served three kings before, wrote a book in his name, for which he was remunerated by the king with an elephant load of silver- pieces. Mubarik Shah reigned four vears, and was mur- dered on the 4th April, 1321 A. D., 5th Eabf I, 721 A. H., by his wazir, Malik Khusro, a favourite slave to whom he had confided all the powers of the State. This man ascended the throne with the title of Khusro Shah, but was assassinated five months after by Ghazi Khan Tughlak, governor of the Panjab, who took the title of Ghayas-uddin Tughlak Shah. The house of Khilji ter- minated with Mubarik Shah. Mubarik Shah, '-'■^'*, the son of Khizir Khan as- cended the throne of Dehli after the death of his father on the 22nd May, 1421 A. D., 19th Jumada I, 824 A. H. He reigned 13 lunar years 3 months and 16 days, and was murdered on the 18th of April, 1434 A. D., SthEamazan, 837 A. H. in a masjid where he had gone to say his prayers, by Kazi 'Abdus Samad, Sadharan Khattri and others, who raised Muhammad Shah, his nephew, to the throne. Mubarik Shah Sharki, whose for- mer name was Malik "VVasil or Karanfal, was the adopted son of Khwaja Jahan Sharki whom he succeeded 1401 A. D., 803 A. H. to the government of Jaunpur, and perceiving that the kingdom of Dehli was thrown into disorder and anarchy, he, with the consent of the ofiieers of his government, assumed the royal canopy, and caused coin to be struck in his name under the above title. He died after a short reign of 18 months in the year 1402 A. D., 804 A. H., and was succeeded by his younger brother Ibrahim Shah Sharki. Mubarik, Shaikh, vide Shaikh Mubarik. Mubarik-uddaula, ^h"^^^ the youngest of the three sons of Mir Ja'far 'All Khan, Nawab of Bengal. He succeeded his brother Saif-uddaula in March, 1770 A. D., on the same terms as his brother, viz., to receive a pension of sixteen lacs of rupees, and the business of Nazim to be managed by deputy. He died at Mur- shidabad in September, 1793 A. D., and was succeeded by his son Nazir ul-Mulk, Wazir -uddaula. Mubarik-ud- daula is mentioned in Forster's Travels as the grandson of Mir Ja'far and son of Miran. Hamilton says Mubarik- uddaula died in 1796 A. D. Mubarik-ullah, Mirza, <^j^ a Persian poet. Mubariz Khan, ly^^ jj'-^*, a nobleman who, in the commencement of the reign of Muhammad Shah of Dehli was governor of Haidarabad, and was killed in a battle which he fought at the instigation of the emperor ao-ainst Nizam ul-Mulk on the 1st of October, 1724 0. S.f 23rd Muharram, 1137 A. H., and his head sent to court with part of his spoils. Mubariz ul-Mulk, '^■^t j J^-i'*, a title of Nawab Sar- baland Khan. Mubtila, takhallus of Shaikh Ghulam Muhi'-uddin Kureshi of Mirath. He is the author of several works He was living in 1807 A. D., 1222 A. H. Mudki Rao, ^L) vide Jhanko Eao Sendhfa. Mu'in Jawini, ij^y"^ kh^^, vide Mo'in-uddin Jawini. Mufid, Mulla, 'J'i^^'o, vide MuUa Mufid. 46 Mufid, Shaikh, <>i^ vide Abu 'Abdullah Muham- mad bin-Muhammad al-Na'mani. Mufrid, i>j^'°, poetical name of Muhammad 'AH Beg. Mughal Beg, "-^i-? tJ.i^, a nobleman of the reign of the emperor Akbar. He is the author of the work entitled " Samrat ul-Kuds," commonly called " Tazkira Masha- ekh." Mughira, vide Al-Mughfra. Mughis-uddin, Kazi, eH'^-'l ^i*^ He flourished in the roign of Sultan 'Ala-uddin Khilji. Muhakkik Tusi, ^r^^-t. (3^^='°, of Tiis, author of the Muiyar ul-Ashar, a book on the art of poetry. He died in the year 1273 A. D., 672 A. H., vide Nasir-uddfn Tiisi. Muhabbat Khan, Nawab, ci-as^ ^^ly, -whose takhallus is Muhabbat, was also called Muhabbat-uUah Khan, one of the sons of Hafiz Eahmat Khan. In com- posing Eekhta, he was a pupil of Mirza Ja'far 'Ali Hasrat, and in Persian, a pupil of jIakin. He resided at Lakhnau and received a handsome allowance from the British Government as well as from the nawab 'Asaf-uddaula. He has written a Masnawi called " Asrar Muhabbat," containing the loves of " Sisi and Panu," at the request of Mr. Johnson who had the title of Mumtaz-uddaula, and is also the author of a Diwan. According to a chro- nogram of Jurat, he died in 1807 A. D., 1222 A. H. Muhammad,, (or Mahomed) the Arabian prophet, author of the " Kuran," was born on Monday the 20th of April, 671 A. D., 10th Eabi' I, A. H. at Mecca in Arabia, and was of the tribe of Kuresh, the noblest of the country. Arab writers make him to be descended in a right line from Ishmael the son of Abraham ; but do not pretend to any certainty in the remote part of his genealogy. He lost his father, 'Abdullah, before he was two years old, and his mother, 'Amina, before he was sis ; but their attention was supplied by the care of his grand- father 'Abdul Muttalib, who at his death, which happened two years after, left him under the guardianship of his son Abu TaUb with whom he continued till he was twenty-five, when he was placed in the service of a woman, named Khud5'ja, the widow of a rich merchant at Mecca, who sent merchandize into Syria. This wo- man fell in love with Muhammad, the di'iver of her camels, and married him. In his frequent journeys through Arabia, he had observed the various sects which divided the opinions of the eastern Christians, and he con- sidered that nothing could so firmly secure to him the re- spect of the world as laying the foundation of a new religion. He, in his 40th year assumed the title of the Apostle of God, and gradually increased his fame and his followers by the aid of pretended visions. When he found himself exposed to danger at Mecca, he left the city, and retired to Madina, where his doctrines found a more friendly reception. This event which happened in the year 622 A. D., forms the celebrated era of the Muhammadans, called the hijra or hijri, which signifies Separation. At Madina the prophet erected his standard, and as for thirteen j-ears before he had endeavoured to spread his doctrines by persuasion, he now propagated them by the sword. In the eleventh year of the Hijra the prophet fell sick, and after a con- finement of thii'teen days, he died on Monday the 8th of June, 632 A. D., 12th Eabi' I, 11 A. H., aged 63 lunar years. He was buried in the same place where he died, in the chamber of the most beloved of his wives 'Ayesha, the daughter of Abu Bakr, at Madina, where his remaina