Page:The Oriental Biographical Dictionary.djvu/19

 Abdu 7 Abdu 'Abdul-Majid (Shaikh.), d.As:*^! axs ^Jui, a learned man who flourished in the time of Shah Juhan, and wrote a history of that emperor entitled Shah Jahan-nama. This seems to be a mistake for 'Ahdul-Hamid.] 'Abdul- Malik, ^jlir'* i^'. <-^JL+'t <^^, the son of Marwan I, was the 6th Khalifa of the house of Umayya (Ommaides). He succeeded his father at Damascus, on the 13th April, 685 A. D., 3rd Kamazan, 65 A. H., surpassed his prede- cessors in military exploits, and extended his power as far as Spain in the west, and India in the east. He was so generous as not to take a church from the Christians, which they had refused to grant him when he requested it. He was called Abul-Zubab or " father of flies," because his breath was so offensive, that it killed the very flies that settled on his lips. He reigned upwards of 21 lunar years and died in October, 705 A. D., Shawwal, 86 A. H. He was succeeded by Walid I, the eldest of his sixteen sons, who greatly extended the Moslem dominions. 'Abdul-Malik, ^Jl-o^^j tSlJUJ} <>.^^ the son of Salih, the son of 'Abdullah, the son of 'Abbas, was related in blood to the prophet Muhammad ; was invested by Harun-ur- Eashid, the Khalifa of Baghdad, with the government of Egypt, in which he continued till about the year 79i A. D., 178 A. H., when Harun, suspecting that he was engaged in some cabals, in order to obtain the empire, threw him into prison, where he remained till Harun's death. His son released him, and invested him with the government of Sji'ia, A. D. 809, 193 A. H. 'Abdul-Malik, ^^Jo lS1^J <J..i*, the son of Zuhr, an eminent Arabian physician, commonly called by Europeans Avenzoar, a corruption of Ibn-Zuhr. Jlis full name is Abii- Marwan 'Abdul-Malik ibn-Zuhr. He flourished about the end of the 11 th or the beginning of the 12th century. He was of noble descent, and born at Sevilla, the capital of Andalusia, where he exercised his profession with great reputation. His grandfather and father were both physi- cians. It is said that he lived to the age of 135 ; that he began to practice at 40 or, as others say, at 20 ; and had the advantage of a longer experience than almost any one ever had, for he enj oyed perfect health to his last hour. He left a son, also known by the name of Ibn-Zuhr, who followed his father's profession, was in great favour with Al-Mansur, emperor of Morocco, and wrote several treatises on physic. Avenzoar wrote a book, entitled " Tayassur fi-1- mudawat wat-tadbir", which is much esteemed. This work was translated into Hebrew in 1280 A. D., and thence into Latin by Paravicius, whose version has had several editions. The author added a supplement to it, under the title of Jami', or Collection. He also wrote a treatise "Fil-adwiyat wal-aghziyat", i. e., of medicines and food, wherein he treats of their qualities. Ibn-Zuhr was con- temporary with Ibn-Eashid (Averroes), who more than once gives him a very high and deserved encomium, calling him admirable, glorious, the treasure of all know- ledge, and the most supreme in medicine from the time of Galen to his own. 'Abdul-Malik, tSiUit (^^c, king of Fez and Morocco, was dethroned by his nephew Muhammad, but he afterwards defeated Sebastian king of Portugal, who had landed in Africa to support the usurper. The two African monarchs and Sebastian fell on the field, 1578 A. D. (986 A. H.) 'Abdul-Malik (Khwaja), a native of Samarkand who held the office of Shaikh-ul-Islam in that city in the reign of Amir Timur. 'Abdul-Malik Samani I, ^jUL« tSUJl ^a^, akingof the house of Saman, and son of Amir Nilh I, whom he succeeded in 954 A. D. (343 A. H.). He reigned in Khurasan and Mawaran-nahr seven and a half years, and was killed by a fall from his horse while playing at ball in 961 A. D. (350 A. H.) He was succeeded by his brother Amir Mansur I. 'Abdul-Malik Samani II, liUJi anAmfr of the house of Saman, was elevated to the throne of Khurasan, after his brother Amir Mansur II, in 998 A. D. (388_A. H.). He was the last Amir, or 'king, of the race of the Samanides. He reigned only a few months, and was defeated in battle against Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznl in 999 A. D., who took possession of his country. 'Abdul- Malik was shortly after murdered. 'Abdul-Manaf, oU*J| ii.is^, or 'Abd-Manaf, (z. e. slave of the idol JIanaf) the great-great-grandfitther of Muham- mad, was the son of Kusaj^', who aggrandized the tribe of the Kuraish by purchasing the keys of the Ka'ba from Abii-Uhassan, a weak and silly man, for a bottle of wine. Kusayy was succeeded by his second son 'Abdul-Manaf, to whom the prophetic light, which is said to have mani- fested itself in his face, gave the right of primogeniture. After his death, his son Hashim, the father of 'Abdul- Muttalib, succeeded. 'Abh-Manaf is also the name of a son of the Prophet, who died in infancy.] 'Abdul-Mannan (Mir), ^xk, son of Mir Nu'man Khan, son of Khwaja 'Abdur-Ealnm Khan of Andijan. He served under the celebrated Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf-Jah in the Dakhin for several yearjs, was an excellent poet, and is known under the poetical name of 'Ibrat. 'Abdul-Mumin, t^^^.'t a man of obscure origin and son of a potter, who seized the crown of Morocco after destroying the royal family. He extended his dominions by the conquest of Tunis, Fez, and Tremezen. He medi- tated the invasion of Spain, when death stopped his career in 1156 A. D. His son Yusuf who succeeded him, carried his ambitious views into efiect. 'Abdul-Mutnin Khan, ^la. ^^/c^Jl cyxs, the son of 'Abdullah Khan, chief of the Uzbaks, was raised to the throne after the death of his father at Samarkand in the year 1597 A. D., 1005 A. H. He took Mashhad and put the inhabitants to the sword. He was soon after assassinated by his own ofiicers in 1598 A. D., 1006 A. H. ; the chrono- gram of his death being contained in the words " Badbakht- i-sar-burida." After his death, Din Muhammad Khan, the son of 'Abdullah Khan's sister, was placed on the throne; but he fell shortly after, in a battle fought at Hi rat, against Shah 'Abb'ds, king of Persia. 'Abdul- Muttalib, i^l-kj] i>ac, the grandfather of Mu- hammad, the son of Hashim of the tribe of Kuraish. He is said to have been extremely affable and easy of access, as well as just and generous. The well which God shewed Hagar the mother of Ishmael in the wilderness, is said to have been miraculously discovered to 'Abdul- MuttaUb, about five hundred years after it had been filled up by 'Amr, prince of the Jorhomites. The well is called Zamzam by the Arabs and is on the east side of the Ka'ba, covered with a small building and cupola. Its water is highly reverenced, being not only received with particu- lar devotion by the pilgrims, but also sent in bottles as a great rarity to most parts of the Muhammadan domi- nions. 'Abdul- Muttalib had ten sons, whose names are as follows : Abii-Talib, the father of 'AH ; 'Abbas, the ances- tor of the Abbasidcs who reigned at Baghdad; Hamza; Haris; Abu-Lahab; 'Abdullah the father of Muhammad ; Al-Makawwam ; Zubair ; Zirar ; Kusam. His j^ounger son 'Abdullah, the father of Muhammad, dying eight days after the birth of his son, 'Abdul-Muttalib was obliged to take care of his grandson Muhammad, which he not only did during his life, but at his death enjoined his eldest son Abu-Talib to provide for him for the future. 'Abdul- Muttalib died about the year 579 A. D., at which time Muhammad was about eight years old. 'Abdul-Nabi (Shaikh), ^jKi JsX* son of Shaikh Ahmad, and grandson of Shaikh 'Abdul-Kuddus of Gan-