Page:The Oriental Biographical Dictionary.djvu/181

 Malik 169 Mangu Malik Shah, w^'^-'l J^^, surnamed Jalal-uddm was the third Sultan of the first dj'nasty of the Saljukfs or Saljukides. He succeeded his father Alp Arsalan in December, 1072 A. D., 465 A. H., and reigned twenty years. His right to the crown was disputed by his bro- ther Kadir Beg, also called Kadard (which see) prince of Kirman ; but that chief was defeated and taken prisoner, and afterwards poisoned or put to death. Malik Shah subdued almost the whole of Syria and Egypt : and being more fortunate than his father, not only conquered Bu- khara, Samarkand and Khwarizm, but received homage from the tribes beyond Jaxartes. After the death of his wazir Nizam ul-Mulk, he moved from Isfahan to Bagh- dad, with the design of transplanting the khalif Al-Muk- tadi, and fixing his own residence in the capital of the Moslem world. The feeble successor of Muhammad obtained a respite of ten days ; and before the expiration of the term, the Sultan was summoned by the angel of death. He died in the 38th year of his age in the month of November, 1092 A. D., Shawwal, 485 A. H., a few days after Nizam ul-Mulk his wazir, who was assassina- ted by a follower of Hasan Sabbah. The greatness and unity of the Saljukian empire expired in the person of Malik Shah. He invented an era called Tarikh Malik- shahf or Jalali (Jalalian Era). This Era, according to Dr. Hyde commences 15th March, 1079 A. D., correspond- ing with the nth Ramazan 471 A. H. Malik Shah left four sons Barkayarak, Muhammad, Sanjar and Mahmud, all of whom attained power in their turns. Mahmud the youngest, was only four years of age when his father died : but the ambition of his mother, the Sultana Khatiin Turkan, placed the crown upon his infant head. How- ever, she was soon compelled to resign, and after some time they both died, and Sultan Barkayarak succeeded him. Malik Sharki, Mirza, i^ir-^ "^^"^ '3^'°, an author. Malik Ul-Afzal, ls^ iiji'^^by d^f^lt surnamed Nur-uddin 'Ali, the eldest of the seventeen sons of Salah- uddin Yiisaf ibn-Ayyiib. On the death of his father at Damascus in 1193 A. D., 589 A. H., he took possession of that kingdom, whilst his brother Malik ul-'Aziz 'Usman obtained that of Egypt, and their brother Malik uz-Zahir continued to hold Aleppo. Damascus was after- wards besieged and taken by his uncle Malik ul-'Adil Saif-uddin Abii Bakr (the Saphadin of Christian writers). Nur-uddin 'AH in a poetical address to the khalff Nasir, lamented the similarity of his own fate to that of the khalif 'AH ibn-Abu Talib (his namesake) in being thus excluded from his rights by Abu Bakr and 'Usman ; the khalif in his reply consoled him by the assurance that in him he should find the Nasir (protector) whom 'Ali had sought in vain ; but the intercession of the khalif was unavailing to procure the restitution of any part of his territories. In 1198 A. D., however, on the death of his brother, the Sultan of Egypt, Nur-uddin became Atabak, or guardian, to his infant nephew jMalik ul-Mansur, and attempted by the aid of his brother, the Sultan of Aleppo, to recover Damascus from his uncle ; but the expedition failed, and Saif-uddin retaliated by invading Egypt, and expelled the young Sultan and his guardian, 1199 A. D. The unfortunate Nur-uddin now retired to Samosata, where he died apparently without issue. He was born in June, 1171 A. D., whilst his father was acting as wazir to the Egyptians. He died suddenly in February, 1225 A. D., Safar 622 A. H., and was buried in Aleppo. Vide Nur-uddfn 'AU (MaUk ul-Afzal). Malik ul-'Aziz 'Usman, u^'*^*_>iWl'-^^'*, vide 'Abu'l Fatha 'Usman. Malli or MaUhi Kao Holkar, j>!;c^t^'<^:!cr"'*'; Raja of 4a Indor was the son of Khande Eao, and grandson of Malhar Eao I whom he succeeded in 1766 A. D., and died after a reign of nine months. After his death the origi- nal family being extinct, Ahlia Bai, the widow of Khan- de Eao, elected Takoji to the raj. Mallu 'Adil Shah, i'-^ J^^^ ofBijapiir, succeeded his father Ismd'il 'Adil Shah in August, 1534 A. D., bafar, 941 A. H., and was on account of his shameful vices, blinded and deposed after an inglorious reign of only SIX months by order of his grandmother, and his younger brother Ibrahim was raised to the throne of -Bijapur m the beginning of the year 1535 A. D., 941 A. H. Mallu Khan, i^^ji^, entitled Kadir Shah, was the ruler ofMalwawhen Sher Shah took it about the year 1542 ■^■^ J^- H., and made it over to one of his own oflicers named Shuja'at Khan or Shuja'a Khan Siir, which see, as also Kadir Shah. I Maluk Shah, the father of the historian Shaikh 'Abdul Kadir of Badaon. He died in 1561 A. D., 969 A. H. He is the author of the work caUed " Jilae ul- Khawatir." Malul, J^^'*, the poetical name of Shah Sharaf-uddin, a dervish of Muradabad. He wrote two Persian Diw.ans in which he used the takhallus of Ilham. He is also the author of a poem called " Haft Mykhana," which ha composed in 1777 A. D., 1191 A. H. Malwa, kings of, vide Dilawar Khan. Mamluk, this word signifies in Arabic, a slave in general ; but in particular, it means the Turkish and Circassian slaves, whom the kings of the posterity of Salah-uddi'n (Saladin) had instructed in mUitary exercises, and who at last made themselves masters of Egj-|3t, and are sufliciently known to us by the name of Mamlukes. These Mamlukes reigned in Egypt 275 lunar years, that is to say, from 1250 to 1517 A. D., 648 to 923 A. H., when Salim I, emperor of the Turks, entirely subdued and exterminated them. The first king of this djuasty was Malik Maizz 'Azz-uddin Eybak, which see. Mamnun, Uj^, poetical title of Mir Nizam-uddin, a son of Kamar-uddin Khan Minnat. He flourished in the time of Akbar Shah II, king of Dehli, and is the author of two Persian and Urdu Diwans. His ancestors were of Sonpat, but he wa^ a native of Dehli. He was em- ployed by the English Government as a Sadar-us-Sadiir at Ajmer. He died in the year 1844 A. D., 1260 A. H. Mamun, the son of Harun al-Eashid, vide Al- Mamun. Manbhaoti Begam, ej", one of the con- cubines of the emperor Akbar. She built at Agrah on a spot of 40 bighas a garden of which no sign remains now. Mangu Kaan or Khan, ^j^j^ ^ ^J^li^^Sj^^ emperor of Tartary, was the eldest son of TiiH Khan, the son of Changoz Khan. He succeeded his cousin Kayuk Khan, the son of Oktai Khan, over the kingdoms of Tartary and Persia about the year 1243 A. D., 640 A. H. He died after a reign of sixteen year.s in 1258 A. D., 654 A. H., and was succeeded in the kingdom of Tartary by his son Kablai Khan ; Ms brother Halaku Khan became' the sole master of Persia,