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 Malidi 162 Malimud was aliout four or five years of age, his father died. The Shfas or Shf ites say, that he, at the ag-e of 10, entered into a cistern at his father's house, whilst his mother was looking- on, and that he never came out again. This occurred in 879 A. D., 265 A. H. They believe him to be still alive, and concealed in some secret place, and that he will appear again with Elias the prophet, on the second coming of Jesus Christ for the conversion of infi- dels to the Muhammadan religion. Mahdi Khan, Mirza, ij-^ c^-^t* '3^^ styled Munshi ul-lMumalik, was the confidential Secretary to Nadir Shah, and is the author of the " Tarikh Nadiri'" which is also called " Nadir-nama," or the history of Nadir Shah, and "Tarikh Jahan Kusha." This work was translated into French by Sir WilHam Jones. Mahdi, Mirza, tS'^-^-^ 'jj-'°5 author of the work called " Majmua Mirzii Mahdi," a chronological table of the remarkable events of the liouse of Timur, commencing 1423 A. D., with Abii Sa'id Mirza, (third in descent from Timur, and grandfather of the emperor Babar Shah) who reigned over Khurasan and Transoxania ; and ter- minating with the emperor Bahadur Shah 1708 A. D. Mahfuz, ^y^^, author of the " Story of Shah Bedar Bakht," which is also called " Eashk-i-Chaman," in Urdu verse dedicated to Ghazf-uddin Haidar, king of Audh in 1823 A. D., 1238 A. H. Mahip N"arayan, cri'j^' raja of Benares. Apottah was granted him by the EngUsh on the 14th September, 1781 A. D. Mahir, ^^'-^^ the poetical'name of Mirz& Muhammad 'Alf, a native of Agrah. His father was a Hindu in the service of Mirza Ja'far Mua'mmai or the punster, who having no children, converted the boy to the Muhammadan religion, adopted him as his own son, and gave him a good educa- tion. After the death of JIu-za Ja'far he attached himself to Danishmand Khan and remained with him till his death, when he retired from the world and died in 1678 A. D., 1089 A. H. He was an excellent poet, and is the author of several works, one of which is called " Gul-i- Aurang" which he wrote in praise of the emperor " Au- rangzeb 'Alamgi'r on his accession to the throne. Mahjur, JL>?^^ '»i<^e Muhammad Bakhsh. Mahmud, li)'^ *^ V^'^ •i^-*^'*, surnamed Burhan-ush-Shariat, who lived in the seventh centtiry of the Hijra, is the author of the work on jurisprudence called " Wikaya" which he wrote as an introdxiction to the study of the Hidaya. This work has been compara- tively eclipsed by its commentary, the Sharh al-Wikaya by 'Ubaid-ullah bin-Masa'ud ; this author's work combines the original text with a copious gloss explanatory and illustrative. Both the Wikaya and the Sharh al-Wikaya are used for elementary instruction in the Muhammadan Colleges. Other commentaries on the Wikaya exist, but they are of no great note. Mahmud, an Afghan chief of Kandahar of the tribe of Ghilzai, was the son of Mir Wais, after whose death in 1715 A. D. he succeeded him. He besieged Isfahan in 1722 A. D., and compelled Sultan Husain SaiSvi, king of Persia, to surrender and I'csign his crown to him. The king went forth with all his principal courtiers in deep mourning, surrendered himself to Mahmud, and with his own hands placed the diadem on the head of tlie conqueror. The event took place on the 11th October of the same year, 11th Muhurram, 1135 A. H. After two "years' possession of the sovereign power, he gave orders for the death of the Safwfan princes, who were his prisoners, and thirty-nine of them, some grown up, others in their childhood, were barbarously slaughter- ed. It is said that he became deranged the same night, and not only tore his own flesh, but ate it. Every person that approached him, he overwhelmed with abuse, and in this condition died in 1725 A. D. But before his death the Afghans, being threatened by an attack of the Persian prince, Tahmasp Mirza, the son of Sultan Husain, who had fled from Isfahan, elected Ashraf, the cousin of Mahmrid, to be their ruler, who in April, 1725 A. D., 12th Sha'ban, 1137 A. H. murdered Mahmud, and became the king of Persia. Mahmud, '^i*^, the son of Sultan Muhammad Saljuki. He held the government of Irak and Azurbejan for several years as deputy to his uncle Sultan Saryar who gave him his two daughters in marriage named Siti Khatun and Mah Malik. He died in 1131 A. D., 525 A. H. Mahmud, lsjJj^ '>r*==='*j son of 'Abdullah Kan Ffrozi, is the author of the History entitled " Slaasir Kutb Shahf," and also of another work of the same description called "Tarikh Jama ul-Hind." He served KuU Kutb Shah II for 30 years, and was living at the time of that monarch's death, which happened in 1612 A. D., 1020 A. H. Mahmud, LSJ^'i^ of Shustar, (Shabishtarf) author of a religious book called Hak-ul-Yekin which is held in great estimation among the Persians. Mahmud I, Sultan, Jj' ^^•♦^ {J-^^, emperor of Con- stantinople, was the son of Mvistafa II and nephew of Ahmad III, whom he succeeded in 1730 A. D., 1142 A. H. His Jauisaris expected from liim the recovery of the conquered provinces, but he lost Georgia and Arme- nia, which were conquered by Nadir Shah. Mahmud died in 1754 A. D, 1168 A. H., and was succeeded by his brother 'Usman II. Mahmud II, Sultan, l5^'-* <^J*^ ^^Itil-*, emperor of Con- stantinople, was the son of Sultan 'Abdul Hamid, commonly called Ahmad IV, the son of Mustafa III. He was born on the 20th July, 1785 A. D., and ascended the throne after the deposition of his uncle Sah'm III and Mustafa IV, on the 28th of July, 1808 A. D. He was of the eighteenth generation from 'Usman I who founded the dynasty, and the thirtieth sovereign of that family. He died on the 30th June, 1839 A. D., 1255 A. H., and was suc- ceeded by his son 'Abdul Maj id. The reign of Mahmtid has been full of important events. The Greeks, in 1821 A. D. threw ofi' the Ottoman yoke, and after a sanguinary contest have been declared independent ; and in 1828 A. D., a war with Russia took place, in which the armies of Mahmud were uniformly defeated, and the Russians were only prevented from advancing to Constantinoi>le by large concessions on tlie part of the Turks, and the mediation of the European powers. Mahmud bin-Paraj, ^j' cfi ^^*'^3 a famous im- postor who gave himself out for Moses risen from the dead : but was flogged to death by the order of the khah'f Mutwakkil. Mahmud Boria, Pahlawan, ^j^i o^Aii, a Muhammadan saint of Persia who followed the occupa- tion of a boatman, and is the author of the work called " Kitiib Kanz." Mahmud Gawan, Khwaja, ci'j'-^ ^^^L?^, styled Malik-ut-Tajjar Khwaja Jahan, was the wazi'r of