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 Eashi 143 Kasim Kashi Rao Holkar, 43-^'^? ^"^^st of the four sons of Takoji Holkar, after whose death in 1797 A. D. disputes arose hetween Kashi Eao and his brother Mulhar Eao, and both repaired to the court of the Pesh- wa at Puna ; where, on their arrival, Daulat Eao Sindhia, with a view of usurping the possessions of the family, espoused the cause of Kashi Eao, and made a sudden and unexpected attack in the month of September on Mulhar Eao, whom he slew with most of his adherents. After this Sindhia pretended to govern the possessions of the Holkar family in the name of Kashi Eao, whom he kept in a state of dependence and appropriated the revenue to his own use. A long contest ensued between Daulat Eao and Jaswant Eao Holkar, the brother of Kashi Eao, and continued till the year 1802, when Jaswant Eao appears to have taken possession of Indor the territory of his father. Kashfi, (j^^, the poetical name of Shah Muhammad Sala- mat-ullah. He is the author of a Diwan in Persian which was printed and published before his death in 1279 A. H. Kashfi, takhullus of Mir Muhammad Salah, who flourished in the reign of the emperor Jahangi'r, and is the author of a Tarjihband called " Majmua' Eaz," which he composed in 1621 A. D., 1030 A. H., containing 270 verses. He died in the year 1660 A. D., 1060 A. H., at Agrah and lies buried there. KashifL, u^^^, the poetical name of Maulana Husain bin- Ali, also known by that of Wkez or the preacher. He wrote a full commentary on the Kuran in the Persian language. He was a preacher at the royal town of Hirat in Khurasan. He died in 1505 A. D., !310 A. H. Fide Husain Waez. Kashmir, kings oi,—vide Shah Mir. Kasim, ^^i^^' .f-^^ (•**'^*; of Agrah, author of the " Zafar- nama Akbari," or book of the victory of Akbar Khan, the son of Dost Muhammad Khan, which he completed in 1844 A. D., 1260 A. H. Tt is a poem and contains an account of the late wars in Kabul by the British. Easim, the poetical name of Hak'im Mi'r Kudrat- ullah who is the author of a Tazkira or Biography of poets. Kasim Ali Khan, Mir, cj'^"^ f'^^^^, commonly called Mir Kasim, was the son-in-law of Mir Ja'far 'AH Khan the Nawab of Bengal. The English, deceived by his elegance of manners, and convinced of his skill in the finances of Bengal, raised him to the masnad in the room of his father-in-law in 1760 A. D., 1174 A. H. He, in the latter years of his government, retired to Hunger, and actuated by a keen resentment against the English, for their extensive encroachments on his authority, and the commerce of his country, formed the plan of throwing off their yoke, and annihilating their influence in Bengal ; but was deposed and defeated, in a battle fought on the Odwa Nala on the 2nd August, 1763 A. D., 22ndMuliarram, 1177 A. H., and the deposed Nawab Ja'far 'Ali Khan was again placed on the masnad. Kasim 'Ali, incensed to madness at these reverses, fled to Patna from Munger, and there cruelly ordered the massacre of the English in his power : there were 50 gentlemen, Messrs. Ellis, Hay, Lushington, and others, and 100 of lower rank. On the 5th October, they were brought out in parties, and bar- barously cut to pieces, or shot under the direction of a German, named Samru or Sombre. Munger fell to the English early in October. Patna was stormed on the 6th November, and the Ex-Nawab Kasim 'Ali fled to the wazir of Audh, with his treasures, and the remnant of his army. On the 23rd of October, 1764 A. D., Major Carnac fought the celebrated battle of Buxar, completely routing the wazir Shuja-uddaula's army. The following day the Mughul emperor Shah 'Alam threw himself on the protection of the British, and joined their camp with the imperial standard of Hindustan. The British army advanced to overrun Audh. The wazir refused to deliver up Kasim 'Ali, though he had seized and plundered him. Kasim 'Ali made his escape at first into the Eohela coun- try, with a few friends and some jewels, which he had saved from the fangs of his late ally, the wazir, and found a comfortable asylum in that country ; but his intrigues rendered him disagreeable to the chief under whose pi'o- tection he resided, he was obliged to leave it, and took shelter with the Edna of Gohad. After some years' resi- dence in his country, he proceeded to Jodhpur, and from thence came to try his fortune in the service of the em- peror Shah 'Alam about the year 1774 A. D., 1188 A. H., but was disappointed, and died shortly after in 1777 A. D., 1191 A. H., at Kotwal an obscure village near Dehli, unpitied even by his own family. "With Kasim 'Ali ended, virtually, the powers of the Subadars of Bengal. Kasim Ali Khan, Nawab, u^'^ <^^y, uncle to the nawab of Eampur. He was living in Bareli in 1869, and his daughter was murdered on the 22nd December of that year. Kasim Anwar, Sayyad, jlyl f***'^ '^i'*, surnamed Ma'in-uddin Ali, a great mystical poet, called from his knowledge and vsritings, the "diver into the sea of truth," the "falcon of the transcendant plains," the "profound knower of the world of spirits," the " key of the treasury of secrecy," &c. He was born at Tabrcz ; and was a member of a considerable family of the tribe of Sayyad, descended from the same stock as the Prophet. In his youth he dedicated himself, under the guidance of Shaikh Sadr-uddin Mxisa, Ai'dibeli, to the contemplative life and deep study of the Sufis. He then journeyed to Gilan, where he soon acquired great fame ; and subsequently went into Khurasan. During his residence at Hirat, he obtained such celebrity, and was surrounded by so many princes and learned men, his followers, that Mirza Shah- rukh (the son of Amir Timur), moved hf jealousy of the Sayyad, and attentive to the dangei^f the increase of the Siifi creed, commanded him to retu'o from the capital. In order to mitigate the harshness of this com- mand, Baisanghar, the son of Shahrukh, a learned and noble prince, took upon himself to make it known to the Sayyad, which he did in the most humane manner, in- quiring of him, in the course of conversation, why he did not follow the counsel contained in his own verse. The Sayyad inquired in which verse, and Baisanghar imme. diately quoted the following : — " Kasim cease at once thy lay ; Eise and take thy onward way ; Other lands have waited long, Worthy thy immortal song : Give the bu-d of paradise What the vulture cannot prize ; Honey let thy friends receive. To thy foes the carrion leave." The Sayyad thanked him, and immediately set out for Balkh and Samarkand, where he remained for a time. He afterwards, however, returned to Hirat, where as before, he was constantly followed by great and powerful men. His death occurred in the vUlage of Kharjard in Jam near Hiiat, where a garden had been bought for him by his disciples, in which he greatly delighted. This event took i)lace in the year 1431 A. D., 835 A. H., and his tomb was erected in the very garden which he so much enjoj'ed. Amir Alisher afterwards piously endowed it. A book of Odes is the only work he has left behind, in which he uses " Kasim" for his poetical name.