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 Kapurthala 142 Kashi ■with Jahangi'r. He is the author of a Diwan and a Masnawi, the latter, is called " Mah Dost," which cele- brates the loYo of Eustam and Eudaba. Kapiirthala Eajah. Vide Nihal Singh. Kara Arsalan, u^'^j' b') (which signifies in Turkish, a black lion,) was surnamed 'Imad-uddi'n, the son of Daud, the son of Sukman bin-Artuk. Nur-uddin Mah- mud was his son, to whom Salah-uddi'n (Saladin) gave the city of 'Amid or Kara 'Amid in Mesopotamia 1183 A. D., 597 A. H. His name is to be found in some of our Biographical Dictionaries under Cara Arslan. Karaehar Nawian, o^iy J-'^b') name of the wazir and son-in-law of Changez Khan. Kara Ghuz, j^b', a Beglarbeg of Natolia whom our historians call Caragossa. He was impaled near Kara Hisar by Shah Kuli in the reign of Bayazid II, emperor of the Turks. Kara Khan, e;'-^ ^j', vide Sadr-uddin bin-Ya'kub. Karak Shall, J*''* '^J^, vide Shah Karak. Karam, ^J^ } author of the " Harbae Haidarf," a history of AH and his son Husain in verse, composed in 1723 A. D., 1135 A. H. Kara Muhammad Turkman, ^^^^y b'- The Turkmans of Asia Minor were divided into two great tribes, the Kara Eoinlu, and Aka Koinlii, i. e., the tribes of " black and white sheep," from their carrying the figures of these animals in their respective standards. Kara Muhammad, the founder of the first dynasty, left his small territories, of which the capital was Van, in Armenia, to his son, Kara Yusuf, who though possessed of considerable power, was compelled to fly before the sword of Timur. When that conqueror died, he return- ed from Egypt, and was victorious in an action with Sultan Ahmad Jalayer I'lkani, the ruler of Baghdad, whom he made prisoner and put to death in 1410 A. D., 813 A. H. After this success he collected an army of 100,000 men, and was preparing to attack Sultan Shah- rukh the son of Amir Timur, when he was suddenly taken ill and died near Tabrez ia 1411 A. D., 814 A. H. He was succeeded by his son Sikandar Turkman, who was defeated by Shahrukh in 1421 A. D., 824 A. H. Sikandar after this had several battles with Shahrukh, but was at last slain by his son Kubad 1437 A. D., 841 A. H., when Shahrukh added Eei to his own possessions, and gave Tabrez to Jahan Shah the brother of Sikandar. Jahan Shah, after a long reign of 30 lunar years, fell in one of the first actions he fought with Uzzan Hasan, chief of the Turkmans of the white sheep, in November, 1467 A. D., Eabi' II, 872 A. H. Karari, LS)b^} a Persian poet, vide Abul Fath Gflani. Kara Yusuf, *^""J^. b'} vide Kara Muhammad. Karim, poetical name of Mir Muhammad Kazim the son of Fikr. He flourished in the time of Kutbshah of the Dakhin, and is the author of a Di'wan. Karim Khan, f*ij^} murderer of Mr. W. Fraser, Commissioner of Dehlf. See Shams-uddin Khan (nawab). Karim Khan, iiM^ f*i?^j a Pindarf chief, who surrendered himself to the British Government on the 15th February, 1818, and received for his snj^port the Taluka of Burhi'a- par in the Gorakhpur district, which was held by his descendants up to the mutiny ia 1857. Karim Khan Zand, f*^J. The history of Persia, from the death of Nadir Shah till the elevation of 'Aka Muhammad, though it occupies nearly half a cen- tury, presents no one striking feature, except the life of Karim Khan, a chief of the tribe of Zand. He collected an army chiefly composed of the difi'erent tribes of Zand and Mafi, defeated the Afghans in several engagements, finally drove them out of the country, and secured to himself the kingdom of Fars, or the southern division of Persia, while Khurasan partially remained in possession of the descendants of Nadir Shah ; and the countries bordcnng on the Caspian Sea were retained by Muham- mad Hasan Khan Kachar, ruler of Mazindaran the great- grandfather of 'Aka Muhammad Shah Kachar. Karim Khan, after subduing his enemies, enjoyed independent power for twenty-six years ; and during the last twenty, viz., from 1759 to 1779, he had been, without a competitor, the acknowledged ruler of Persia. His capital was Shi- raz. He died at an advanced period of life on the 2nd March, 1779 A. D., 13th Safar, 1193 A. H., being nearly 80 years of age. After his death Zaki Khan assumed the reins of government, and was assassinated two months after. Sadik Khan, brother of Karim Khan took pos- session of Shfraz after the death of Zakf Khan, and was put to death on the 14th of March, 1781 A. D., 18th Eabi' I, 1195 A. H., by 'Ali Murad Khan, who now be- came the sovereign of Persia, and died on the 11th Janu- ary, 1785 A. D., 28th Safar, 1 199 A. H. After his death Lutf 'All Khan reigned for some years at Shiraz. He was defeate'd in 1794 and slain afterwards by 'Aka Mu- hammad Khan Kachar, who took possession of Persia. Karmat, ^t^', or Karmata, a famous impostor, named Abu Zar, who in the year 891 A. D. became the head of a sect called Karmati or Karamatians, which overturned all the principles of Muhammadanism. He came from Khozistan to the villages near Kiifa, and there pretended great sanctity and strictness of life, and that God had enjoined him to pray fifty times a day ; pretending also to invite people to the obedience of a certain Imam of the family of Muhammad ; and this way of life he con- tinued till he had made a very great party, out of whom he chose twelve apostles to govern the rest, and to pro- pagate his doctrines. Afterwards his courage failing him, he retired to Syria, and was never heard of any more. This sect began in the Khilafat of Al-Mo'tamid : they multiplied greatly in Arabian Irak or Chaldea, and maintained perpetual wars against the Khalff. In the year 931 A. D., they beseiged and took the city of Mecca, filled the well Zamzam with dead bodies, defiled and plundered the temple and carried away the black stone ; but they brought it again in 950 A. D., and fastened it to the seventh pillar of the portico, giving out, that they had both taken it away, and brought it back again, by express order from heaven. This sect was dissipated by degrees, and at last became quite extinct. Fide Abu-Zarr Karmati. Karmati, ij*^'} or Karamatian, a follower of Karmat, which see. Karshasp, Y""^"^^' Garshasp, the son of Zu, and the last king of the fu-st or Pishdadian dynasty of Persia. Vide Zu. Kart, ^J^} kings of the dynasty of, — Fide Shams-uddin Kart I. Kashi, Mulla, (j*^^ ^'"^ surname of Kamal-uddin Abu'l Ghanam 'Abdul Eazzak bin-Jamal-uddin, a celebrated doctor, placed amongst the Musalman saints, was author of several works. He died young about the year 1320 A. D., 720 A. H.