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 Jamal 132 Jani His legal works are very numerous, and frequently referred to as authorities of undisjiuted merit. The most famous of these are, the " Talkhis-ul-Maram," the " Ghaet- ul-Ahkam" and the " Tahrir-ul-Ahkam," which last is a justly celebrated work. The " Blukhtalif-ush-Shia" is also a well-known composition of this great lawyer ; and his " Irshad-al-Azhan" is constantly quoted as an authority, under the name of the " Irshad-i-'Allama." Vide Allama al-Him. Jamal-uddin Husain Anju, e^i--*" tfi'^^ J^, son of Fakhr-iiddi'n Kashmiri, author of the Persian Dictionary called " Farhang Jahangiri," which he dedi- cated to the emperor Jahangi'r in 1605 A. D., 1014 A. H. The author of the '• Masir-ul-'Umra" calls him Mir Jamal- uddin Anju, and says that he is a descendant of the Say- yads of Shiraz, and came to theDakhin and thence to Agrah 1585 A. D., 993 A. H. in the time of Akbar who raised him by degrees to the rank of 3000. In the reign of Jahangir, the rank of 4000 was conferred on him with the title of 'Azd-uddaula. Jamal-uddin-ibn-Malik, <^^^ e^'?' u^d"^' J'-H^, au- thor of an Arabic work on philosophy, called " Alfia." Jamal-uddin Kashi, is^^ (jj"^-*' J'*t^, author of the history called " Zubdat-ut-Tawan'kh." A work of the same title is mentioned under Shaikh Nur-ul-Hak of DehH. Jamal-uddin Muhammad Abdul Razzak, ^jjljjJti^A^ ^♦s'o^^jii.Jl^ Jamal-uddin bin-' Abdul Eazzak. Jami, ij"^'"^ jy, the poetical name of Nur-uddin 'Abdur Eahman, a celebrated Persian poet, the son of Maulana Muhammad or Ahmad Isfahani ; was born on the 7th November, 1414 A. D., 23rd Shaban, 817 A. H., at a village in Hirat called Jam, from which he derived his poetical name " Jami." Ho was remark- ably polite, of a very gentle disposition, and endued with ' such extensive learning, that it was supposed there was not throughout the empire of Persia, so complete a master of the language as himself. Even princes, who were themselves men of erudition and exalted talents, have lavished upon him the most unbounded praises and the highest honours. He was very intimate with Sultan Abu Sa'id Mirza of Hirat, who continued the friend of Jami so long as he lived. After his death, our poet enjoyed the same favours from his son and successor Sultan Hvisain IMirza. He was a cotemporary of the esteemed Biogra- pher, Daulat Shah, who recorded his fame in the Lives of the Persian poets, called " Tazkira Daulat Shahi." Jarnf was the author of more than 44 works. His poem on the Loves of Joseph a"nd Zalikha is one of the finest compo- sitions in the language ; it contains about 4000 couplets. He is also the author of the book called " Nafahat-ul- Ins," a very celebrated abridgement of the Lives of the .SCifi Shaikhs, translated from the Arabic " Tabtat-us- Suffa," and dedicated to the celebrated wazir 'Alisher in 1476 A. D., 881 A. H. It may be here observed, that the celebrated poets, as Hafiz, Sadi, Jami, &c. &c., were professed Sufis. The following are the works, commonly known, composed by Jami : — '1. Silsilat-uz-Zahab, dedi- cated to Bayazfd II. 2. Salaman-wa-Absal. 3. Tulifat-ul-Ahrar. 4. Sabhat-ul-Abi'ar. 5. Yusaf-wa-Zalikha. I 6. Laili-wa-Majnun. (.7. Khirad-nama. Sikandar-nama. Nafahat-ul-Ins. Baharistan. Fatuh-ul-PIaramain. Khurshed-wa-Mah. Lawaeh Jami. Shawahid-uI-Nabuat. Jami died at the advanced age of 81 lunar years, on Friday the 9th of November, 1492 A. D., 18th Mu- harram, 898 A. H., mourned by the whole city of Hirat : his funeral expenses were defrayed by Sultan Husain, and a magnificent train of the most illustrious nobles accompanied his body to the tomb. 'Alfsher, his friend laid the first stone of a monument which Re caused to be raised to his memoiy, and his fame became immortal in the minds of his countrymen. He is also the author of a Tafsir or commentary of some note, Jami Lahouri, MuUa, (y^^^ vide Mulla Jami. Jamila, ^t*'^, the poetical name of a Persian poet. Jamil-ibn-Mi'mar, J^**-* u'J ^i-*^, a celebrated Ara- bian poet wlio lived in the time of the khalif 'Abdulmalik, and died in the j^ear 701 A. D., 82 A. H. Pie was co- temporary with two other famous poets named 'Umar the son of 'Abdullah, and Kathir Azza. Jamil was the lover of Shanba, one of those pairs of lovers, whose constancy and fidelity the orientals, praise in their histories and poems. Jamslied, "H*^*^, (also called Jam) was one of the ancient kings of Persia, and the fourth of the First or Pishdadian dynasty. He is celebrated as the founder of Persepolis, which is to this day called Istakhr and Takht Jamshed. He introduced the solar year and ordered the first day of it, when the sun entered Aries, to be celebrated by a splendid festival. His country was invaded by Zuha'k, a Syrian king, and the unfortunate Jamshed was obliged to fly before the conqueror. He was pursued by the agents of Zuhak, through Si'stan, India, and China, and was at last seized and carried before his cruel enemy like a common malefactor, who ordered him to be placed between two boards and sawn asunder with the bone of a fish. We are told by Firdausi that his reign lasted 700 years. He is supposed to have flourished 800 years be- fore the Christian era. His goblet, called Jam Jamshed and Jam Jam, was wondrous. A hundred marvellous tales are told of his celebrated cup, which used to dazzle all who looked on it, and has often been employed by the poets to furnish a simile for a bright eye. Jamshed, '^■J:""-*'^} this title is sometimes given by the Musalmans to king Solomon the son of David, and they say that his magic ring and throne possessed extraordi- nary powers, and his control was absolute over genii and men. son of KuH Jamshed Kutb Shah, Kutb Shah I, ascended the throne of Golkonda in the Dakhin after the death of his father in September, 1543 A. D., Jumada II, 950 A. H. He reigned seven j-ears and some months, and was succeeded by his brother Ibra- him Kutb Shah in 1550 A. D., 967 A. H. Janabi, ls'?^-^'?"^ the surname of Abfl Muhammad Mustafa bin-Sayyad Hasan-al-Husainf, a celebrated historian and author of a work called " Tarikh-al-Janabf," of which the correct name is supposed to be " Bahr-uz-Zakhkhar," the Swelling of the Sea ; it comprises a general history from the beginning of the world to 1589 A. D., 997 A. H. It was originally written in Arabic, and trans- lated by the author into Tui'kish. Janabi died in 1591 A. D., 999 A. H. Jani, C5^'■=^• There have been three authors of this name. The first Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn-Malik Ataf. a native of Damascus. The second Basar Jani; and the third Mansiir bin-'Umar-al-Adib, a native of Isfahan, who died 1025 A. D.