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 Jalal 131 Jamal and his Masnam more than 47,000. In his Diwan, in- stead of his own title, he has inserted the name of Shams Tabrezi his master. Jalal-uddin Sayuti, t^ji"^ i^A^^ J^^, sonof'Ahdur Eahman bin-Abi Bakr, an Egyptian author of some merit, ■who died m 1605 A. D., 911 A. H. He is said to he the author of 400 works, amongst which are the commentary, on the " Durr-al-Munshiir," and the last half of the "Tafsfr Jalalain," the author of the other half was Jalal- uddin Mahalf who died in 1460 A. D., 854 A. H. Ano- ther work of Sayuti is called " Luhb-ul-Luhab." It is a dictionary of patronymic names, and of others under which the Arabic authors are much more frequently quoted than under their proper names. The confusion under which the Arabs labour to identify men kno'wn under different names, has induced them to prepare dictionaries for obviating this difficulty. Samani (or Samnani) in the sixth century of the Hijra published one, entitled, " Fil Ansab," in which he docs not only explain the sense and origin of these names, but also mentions with regard to every word the true names of the authors who have had them. This work was abbre- viated in the succeeding century by Ibn-ul-Asir, and this extract shortened by Sayutf. There is another work of Sayuti called " Kashfus-Salsala-un-Wasfuz Zalzala," containing an account of all the earthquakes which took place from the year 713 A. D., 94 A. H., to his time. He wrote this work on the occasion of an earthquake in Egypt, with a view of shewing to his countrymen, that earthquakes are ordained by God to punish men for their sins. This work was translated from the Arabic by A. Sprenger, Esq., M. D. Vide Journal, Asiatic Society, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 741. Sayuti is also the author of the " Jama'-ul-Jawama, " containing a collection of Traditions of which he afterwards made an abridgement and called it Jama'-us-Saghir." Jalal-uddin, Sultan, i:;^^' J% ^^j^hl^, the son of Sultan Muhammad, surnamed Kutb-uddfn, Sultan of Khwarizm. Vide Muhammad (Sultan). Jalayer, ^-^^ the name given to a race of kings of Bagh- dad, the first of whom was Hasan Buzurg, commonly called Hasan Jalayer. Jalinus, ur>*'-^''^j prince of the Greek physicians after Hippocrates, whom we call Galen. Jam Afra, h'^ vide Nasir-uddin Kabbacha. Jama Baf, '-^k ^h-, vide Mir Sayyad Jama Baf. Jamal, J'-H', the name assumed by Abu'l Eazl Muham- mad, the son of 'Umar, the son of Klialid. He is the author of the "Sarah," a dictionary of Arabic words explained in Persian by him, being a translation of a very celebrated Arabic dictionary, entitled the " Sahah." Jamali Khalifa, ^^^^-"^ surname of Is-h^k Ka- ramani, another author of the commentary called " Sharah Hadis-ul-Arba'in." He died 1526 A. D., 933 A. H. Jamali, Shaikh., CS"*^ vide Shaikh Jamali. Jamal Takih, Khwaja, J'^ '"^'l^, a poet. Jamal Kill, Shaikh, tj^^ J^r' an inhabitant ' of Kazwin in Isfahan. He lived in the time of Sultan 'Ala-uddin the Isma'ili, ruler of the fort of Alahmut, who highly respected him. It is said that he secretly followed the tenets of the Isma'ilis, but the people thought other- wise. He died on Monday the 29th September, 1253 A. D., 4th Shawwal, 651 A. H. Jamal Khan, <-J'*^, a commander of 5000 horse in the reign of Shah Jahan. It is related that the emperor had ordered that all the ladies at court should provide precious stones, and bring them to a market-place that he had erected, and there shew their wares publicly to all the noblemen at court, who were ordered to buy them at whatever prices the ladies put upon them ; and that the king himself was to be a buyer, to put the greater honour on the new erected market. The ladies obeyed, and took their booths, as they thought fit. On the market day, the king and the noblemen came to market, and bought the jewels and other trifles the ladies had to dispose of. The king coming to the booth of a very pretty lady, asked her what she had to sell. She told him she had one large fine rough diamond still to dispose of. He desired to see it, and he found it to be a piece of fine transparent sugar-candy of a tolerable diamond figure. He demanded to know what price she set on it, and she told him with a pleasant air, that it was wor-th a lakh of rupees, or £12,600 sterling. He ordered the money to be paid, and, falling into discourse with her, found her wit was as exquisite as her beauty, and ordered her to sup with him that night in his palace. She accordingly went and stayed with him three nights and days, and then went back to her husband, whose name was Jamal Khan. The husband received her very coldly, and told her that he would continue civil to her, but would never live with her again but in the same manner as if she was his sister. Upon which she went to the palace, fell at the emperor's feet, and told him what her husband had said. The king in a rage gave orders to carry her hus- band to the elephant garden, and there put him to death by an elephant. The poor man was soon apprehended, and as they dragged him from his house, he begged to have leave to speak to the king. A friend of his ordered the messengers of death to stop awhile, till he had acquainted the king with the request, which was accordingly done, and he was ordered to be carried into the court of the palace, that the king might hear what he had to say ; and being carried thither, the king demanded what he would have. He answered, that what he had said to his wife was the greatest honour which he was capable of doing his king, because, after he had honoured his wife vrith his embraces, he thought himself unworthy ever after to cohabit with her. The king, after pausing a little, ordered him to be unbound, and brought to his own room, where, as soon as he came, the king embraced him, and ordered a royal suit to be put upon him, and gave him command of five thousand horse more, but took his wife into his own harem. — Asiatic Journal, Vol. XXX, p. 215. Jamal-uddin Ahmad, Shaikh, e^'^-'f J'*^ ^"^j a celebrated Muhammadan saint of Hansi, and grandfather of Shaikh Kutb-uddin Manawwar. Jamal-uddin Ataidlah, Amir, jt'^U nephew of Sayj^ad Asfl-uddin 'Abdullah. He is the author of the work called " Rauzat-ul-Ahbab," vide Ataullah bin-Muhammad al-Husaini Nishapuri. Jamal-uddin-bin-'Abdul Razzak, cjJ'^l j'*^ J|3^J|i>.v£ ^^J, a celebrated poet of Isfahan, and author of a Diwan. He is the father of Kamal-uddin Isma'il and Mu'fn-uddin 'Abdul Kan'm, both of whom were also poets. Jamal-uddin died in 1192 A. D., 688 A. H. Jamal-uddin Hasan bin-Yusaf bin-al-Matahhir al-Hilli, ^^y. er-^ i:^':<^ JU^, entitled Shaikh al-'Allama, is called the chief of the lawyers of Hilla. He is the author of the " Khulasat-ul-Akwal."