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 Jahan 129 Jai Jahan Shah, u't'?- iiljY^i (prince) the third son of the emperor Bahadur Shah. He was slain in the battle which took place at Lahor after the death of his father between his brothers in March, 1712 A. D. His man- gled body with that of his brother Rafi'-ush-Shan and his son, was conveyed to Dehli' and interred without cere- mony and pomp in the mausoleum of the emperor Hu- mayiin, the general receptacle of the murdered princes of the imperial family. Jahan Soz, j^*^ iif^^} a title of Sultan 'Ala-uddin Hasan Ghon'. Jahi, L5'*'^j the poetical name of Ibrahim Mirza (Sultan) which see. Jahiz or Aljahiz, -^^Wl the surname of Abu 'Usman 'Umar bin-Mahbub Kana'ana, a man of great learning, but of a very eccentric tendency of mind. He wrote a book on the Commerce of the Arabians early in the third century of the Hijra, entitled " Kitab-al-Nazrat fil Tajarat," which is frequently quoted by Naweri. Jahiz died 868 A. D., 255 A. H., at the age of 96 years. Jaiapa, ^•*'>'-'''J^« ^^}-^, Sindhia, succeeded his father Eanoji Sindhia, the founder of the Sindhia family, in 1750 A. D., 1163 A. H. and was miirdered in his tent in 1759 A. D., 1172 A. H. He was succeeded by his brother Madhojf Sindhia. Jaichand, J^^-'l) "^^^lS^^ the last Eathor monarch of Kanauj. He ruled the country from Buxar to Kanauj and reigned about the Sambat year 1400 A. D., 1343 A. H. His favourite residence was near the city of Joun- pur which he had built in 1359 A. D., 1416 Sambat. The present city of Jounpur was built by Fi'roz Shah in the year 1370 A. D., 772 A. H., in the name of his uncle Fakhr-uddin Muhammad Jumln, the date of which is found in the words " Shahr Jounpur." According to Colonel Tod, Jaichand reigned about the 12th century of the Christian era, and one of his grandsons named Seoji, with a few retainers, planted the Kathor standard in Marwar in the year 1212 A. D. Jai Chand, "^"^ ts^j a raja of Nagarkot or Kangra, who lived in the time of the emperor Akbar. Jaikishun, lir""'^!^^, a Kashmiri Brahman whose poeti- cal name was 'Izzat, was the agent of Nawab Is-hak Ivhan. Jaimal, a raja, famous in history as " the bravest of the brave." In 1568 A. D. Udai Singh, the son of Rana Sanka or Sanga, and the founder of the capital Udaipiir in Chittor, came under the displeasure of the emperor Akbar. The recreant chief fled and left the defence of his capital (Chittor) to Eaja Jaimal, who was killed by Akbar himself in 1568 A. D. Jaipal I, J^-^j son of Hitpal,raja of Labor of the Brah- man tribe, who reigned over the country extending in length from Sarhind to Lamghan, and in breadth from tlie kingdom of Kashmir to Multan. He was once defea- ted by Subaktagin, the Sultan of Ghazni, with great slaughter, and again on Monday the 27th November, 1001 A. D. by his son Sultan Mahmiid, when Jaipal with fifteen of his principal chiefs, being his sons and brethren, were taken prisoners, and 5000 of his troops were slain on the field of battle. He was afterwards released by Mahmud, but in compliance with a custom which prevailed among the Hindus, that whatever raja was twice over- powered by strangers, became disqualified to reign, he 33 ordered a funeral pile to be prepared, and having set fire to it with his own hands, perished therein. He was succeeded by his son Anandpal. Jaipal II, C5-''J J'i^e^ ^t;, raja of Labor, son of Anandpal whom he succeeded in 1013 A. D. He was routed in a great battle by Sultan Mahmud in 10:i2 A. D. on the banks of the river Ravi, the result was the permanent oc- cupation of Labor by a Muhammadan governor, and the appointment of a Viceroy of Labor by Mahmud. This was the foundation of the Muhammadan empire in India. Jai Singh I, Jj' ls=^ ^^J, (raja) of the tribe of Kachhwilha, commonly called jIirza Raja, was the son of raja JNIaha Singh, the son of Partap Singh, the son of raja Man Singh. He served under the emperor Shah Jahan, and was made governor over the conquered provinces of the Dakhin about the year 1664 A. D. by the emperor 'Alamgi'r. He was recalled to court in 1666 A. D., but died on the road, soon after his arrival at Burhanpur, 28th Muharram 1078 A. H. According to Orme's Historical Fragments of the Mughul Empire, Jai Singh died at Burhanpur soon after the pretended revolt of Sultan JIuazzim the son of the emperor, and seems to have been poisoned by the procurement of 'Alamgir. There never was a prince among the raj puts equal to him in accom- plishments. He was completely learned in Hindi, and understood the Turkish, Persian, and Arabic languages. He left two sons. Ram Singh his eldest, and Kirat Singh. The former was honoured after his father's death with the title of raja, and put in posses.sion of his father's terri- tories. Jai Singh had built several fine edifices at Agrah of which no sign remains now, but the name and place on which the buildiogs stood is still called Jaisinghpui-a. Jai Singh II, Sawai, (^■'^^i^Lr-' ^^"-^ ardjaofthe tribe of Kachhwaha raj puts, was the son of Bishun Singh, the son of Kishun Singh, the son of Ram Singh, the son of Mirza Raja Jai Singh. He is commonly called Mirza Raja Jai Singh Sawai. He was the zamindar or raja of a considerable territory in the province of Ajmir named Amer, but since the prince's founding a new city called Jaipur, the rajaship has also taken that name. Bishun Singh, the father of Jai Singh and Bijai Singh, died about the year 1693 A. D., Sambat 1750, and after his death the title of raja was bestowed on Jai Singh by the emperor 'Alamgir with the rank of 1500, and subsequent- ly with that of 2000. After the death of that emperor, he espoused the cause of 'Azim Shah, the son of 'Alamgir, whilst his brother Bijai Singh aided Bahadur Shah, who on his accession to the throne conferred the rank of 3000 on the latter. Bijai Singh quarrelled with his brother for the laj ; and the emperor, not walling to displease either, confiscated their estate, and appointed Sayyad Husain Alt Khan of Barha, as Faujdar of that place. When the emperor marched to the Dakhin to pimish his brother Kambakhsh. 1708 A. D., 1120 A. H., Jai Singh, with the aid of raja Ajft Singh Rathor, engaged the Faujdar in battle and having killed him took possession of the province. In the reign of Farrukh-siyar he was honoured with the title of Dhiraj Raja Jai Singh, and in the time of Jluhammad Shah, with that of Sawai. In the year 1732 A. D., 1145 A. H., he was appointed governor of Malwa. His love of science makes him one of the most remarkable persons of his nation. He built five observatories for astronomical studies, namely, at Dehli, Banaras, Mathra, Ujain and Jaipur, and published a work on astronomy called " Zij Muhammad Shahi." He also erected a Karavansarae and market in cverv province of Hindustan for the convenience of travellers at his own expence. After his death, which took place in September, 1743 A. D., 9th Shabiin, 1156 A. H., three of his wives with many concubines burned themselves on his funeral pile. He was succeeded by his son Ishui-i