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 Isma'il ( 123 ) Isma'il a cotemporary European writer, that she was called Martha, and was the daughter of Uzzan Hasan by the Christian lady Despina, who was a daughter of Calo Joannes, king of Trehizond. Sultan Haidar also lost his life from the wound of an arrow which he received in a battle with the troops of Shirwan Shah and Ya'kub Beg in July, 1488 A. D., Shaban, 893 A. H. Sultan Haidar had three sons by this princess ; Sultan 'Ali, Ibrahim Mirza and Shah Isma'il. When Isma'il attained the age of fourteen (his elder brothers having died some years before), he put himself at the head of his adherents, and marched against the great enemy of his family the ruler of Shirwan, called Shirwan Shah, whom he defeated 1600 A. D., 906 A. H., and soon after ; by another victory gained over Alwand Beg, the son of Ya'kub Beg, a prince of the dynasty of the White Sheep, he became the master of the province of Azurbejan, and established his resi- dence at the city of Tabrez ; and in less than four years became the acknowledged sovereign of the kingdom of Persia. He was born on the 17th July, 1487 A. D., 25th Eajab, 892 A. H., died after a reign of 24 lunar years on Monday the 23rd of May, 1624 A. D., 19th Eajab, 930 A. H., aged 38 years, and was buried at Ardibel. Mu- hammadan historians fix the commencement of his reign from the year 1600 A. D. He left four sons ; Tahmasp, who succeeded his father, Sam Mirza, Bahram, and Ikh- ias Mirza, and five daughters. He composed a Turkish Diwan ia which he uses the Takhallus of Khitabi. The following is a list of the Safwi Tcings of Persia, 1. Shah Isma'il Safwf, 1st son of Sultan Haidar. 2. Shah Tahmasp Safwi I, son of Isma'fl Safwi. 3. Shah Isma'il II. 4. Muhammad Khuda Banda. 5. Hamza, son of Khuda Banda. 6. Shah Isma'il III, son of Khuda Banda. 7. Sh&h 'Abbas I, son of Khuda Banda. 8. Shah Safi, the son of Safi Mirza, the son of 'Abbas. 9. Shah 'Abbas II, son of Shah Safi. 10. Shah Sulaiman, son of 'Abbas II. 11. Shah Husain, son of Sulaiman. 12. Shah Tahmasp II, last of the Safwi dynasty. Mahmud, an Afghan. Ashraf, an Afghan. 13. Shah 'Abbas III, vide Nadir Shah. Nadir Shah. Isma'il II, Safwi, Shah, iJ^'^LSi^ J>.*4.«| i^, second son of Shah Tahmasp I, Safwf, whom he succeeded on the throne of Persia in May, 1576 A. D., Safar, 984 A. H., by the aid of his sister Pari Khanam, who sent for him from the fort of Kahkah where he was confined by his father for the last 18 years. The short reign of this unworthy prince was marked by debauchery and crime. Immediately on his accession, he directed the massacre of all the princes of the blood-royal that were at Kazwin, except 'All Mirza whose life was spared : but even he was deprived of sight. His eldest brother Muhammad Mirza, who had a natural weakness iu his eyes, which rendered him almost blind, and was during his father's life, employed as governor of Khurasan, was then at Shfraz. Orders were sent to murder him and his son 'Abbas, but before they could be executed, Isma'il was found dead one morning in a confectioner's house, sup- posed to have been poisoned by his sister. His death happened at Kazwin on Sunday the 24th November, 1577 A. D., 13th Eamnzan, 986 A. H., after a short reign of one year and six months. He was succeeded by his eldest brother, Muhammad Mirza who, on his accession to the throne, took the title of Muhammad Khuda Banda. Isma'il, '-^•it***"' } surnamed al-Mansur, third or fourth Khalff of Barbary of the race of the Fatimites, succeeded his father al-Kaem 946 A. D., 334 A. H., and having defea- ted and slain Yezid-ibn-Kondat who had rebelled against his father, caused his body to be flayed, and his skin stuffed and exposed to public view. Al-Mansur died after a reign of seven years and sixteen days in 952 A. D., 30th Shawwal 341 A. H., and was succeeded by his son Abu Tamim Ma'd surnamed Mo'izz-uddin-allah. Isma'il 'Adil Shah, Sultan, Jo^ Ji**«t, of Bijapur, surnamed Abu'l Fatha, succeeded his father Yiisaf 'Adil Shah on the throne of Bijapur in the Dakhin in 1610 A. D., 916 A. H., and died after a glorious reign of 25 lunar years on Wednesday the 27th of August, 1634 A. D., 16th Safar, 941 A. H., and was buried at Kuki near the tomb of his father. He was succeeded by his son MalM 'Adil Shah. Isma'il-bin-Hasan, ly-^^ t^> Jj^4.«t, author of the work called " Zakhira Khwarizm Shah." He flourished in the reign of Ala-uddin Takash, Sultan of Khwarizm who died in 1200 A. D., 596 A. H., and was a cotemporary of Khakani the poet. Isma'il, Sayyad-bin-Husain Jurjani, cti**«t cs^^rtr?" u^'^ (i'- author of two medical works in Persian, called " Aghraz-ut-Tibb," and " Khifi'-i-'Alai," which he dedicated to Alp Arsalan, Sultan of Khwarizm. Isma'ili, tf^-i***"! or Isma'ilia, ^i^i****!, a farmlyof chiefs, who had through the means of superstition, esta- blished an influence over the minds of their followers, that enabled them to strike awe into the bosoms of the most powerful sovereigns, and to fill a kingdom vwth horror and dismay for a period of nearly two centuries. Their ruler, who may be justly termed the chief of the assas- sins resided on a lofty mountain, called Alahmut, and fate was in his hands ; for there was no shape which his followers could not assume, no danger that they could not brave, to fulfil his mandates. These were the Isma'ilis or assassins, well-known by the Crusaders, as subjects of the Old Man of the mountain. They were completely extirpated by Halaku, the Tartar king of Persia, in the year 1256 A. D. Vide Isma'il and Hasan Sabbah. Isma'il Hakki, Shaikh, tj^'^ c)a*^| author of a commentary on the Km-an called " Eiih-ul-Bayan," and of the "Hadis-ul-Arba'in." Isma'il Mirza, ^jj^ di*-*.**)!, of Isfahan, an author. Isma'il Nizam Shah, His father, prince Burhan Shah, having been defeated in an attempt to dethrone his brother Murta'za Nizam Shah, had fled for protection to the court of the emperor Akbar. On his departure he left behind him two sons, named Ibra- him and Isma'il, who were kept confined in the fortress of Lahagurh. On the death of Mii-an Husain Shah, the younger being raised to the throne of Ahmadnagar by Jamal Khan in the month of March, 1689 A. D., Jumada I. 997 A. H., took the title of Isma'il Nizam Shah. His father Burhan Shah having received assistance from the emperor Akbar, marched against his son, but was defea- ted. However in a short time after this, he renewed his attempts, and being joined by a great majority of the chiefs and people, attacked Jamal Khan the king's min- ister, who was killed in the action on the 27th April, 1591 0. S., 13th Rajab, 999 A. H. Isma'il, who had reigned little more than two years, was taken prisoner and confined by his father, who ascended the throne of Ahmadnagar with the title of Burhan Nizam Shah II. Isma'il Pasha, the present Khaddev or king of Egj'pt, son and successor of Muhammad 'All Pasha, who died in August, 1849 A. D. Isma'il Samani, Amir, ^J^^^-^ J^*.^l the first King or Amir of the race of Saman, called Samani, traced