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 'Iraki ( 121 ) 'Ishrat 'Iraki, t^ix^} whose proper name is Faklir-uddin Ibrahun- bin-Shakryar, was a native of Hamdan La 'Irak, and a pupil and grandson by the mother's side of the great Shaikh Shahab-udd'm Suharwardi, author of a host of mystical works highly esteemed by the Sufis. 'Iraki offended his parent and master, in consequence of some love attachment, and went to India, where he remained some time, regretting his native country, and uttering his complaints in moving verse. He lived in company with the Shaikh Baha-uddfn Zikaria of Multan, whom he ac- companied on his journey and became his disciple. 'Iraki, after a long sojourn in India, proposed returning to his own master, Shahab-uddfn ; but the latter had died, and our poet continued his wanderings to Syria, where he expired after a long life of eighty-two years on the 23rd November, 1 289 A. D., 8th Zi-Ka'da, 688 A. H., and was buried at Salahi in Damascus close to the tomb of Shaikh Muhi-uddin Ibn-ul-'Arabi. His son Shaikh Kabir-uddin is also buried there. 'Iraki is the author of a work called " Lama'at," vide Pakhr-uddin 'Iraki. 'Irfan, cMj'^) poetical name Muhammad Eiza, the son of Muhammad Jan Irfan, author of the " Kar Nama," con- tainiag the exploits of 'Ali Mardan Khan, the Amir-ul- Umra of the emperor Shah Jahan. Irtiza 'Ali Khan Bahadur, j^^-J cj'^ cs^* ^h^, author of the " Faraez Irtizia," a concise treatise in Per- sian on the law of Inheritance, which appears to be the principal authority of that law in the Dakhin. It was printed in Madras, but without a date. 'Isam-uddin Ihrahim-bin- Muhammad Isfaraeni, iS'ij^^ '^♦^c^J (^*LHI p'-^, an Arabian author, who died 1536' A. D., 943 A. H., and is the author of the marginal notes in Arabic called " Hashia Isam-uddin." 'Isa-ibn-Musa, ilg"^)^ oil (is^^, the cousia-german of the Khalif Abu Ja'far Mansur, after whose death in 775 A. D., 158 A. H., he entertained thoughts of setting up for himself at Kiifa where he then resided ; and in order to facilitate the execution of his scheme, fortified himself in that city. But al-Mahdi, the son of Manstlr, being apprised of his defection, sent a detachment of 1000 horse to bring him to Baghdad ; which being done, al-Mahdi not only prevailed upon him to own allegiance to him, but also to give up his right to the succession (he being the next apparent heir to the crown) for 10,000 according to some, and according to others 10,000,000 dinars. 'Isa Sawaji, i^J^ lis-'^i a poet of Sawa who was a Kazf. He died in 8*96 A. D., 291 A. H. 'Isi Tuxkhan, Mirza, n)l=v' Js'^'ii* was a Turk- man and commander-in-chief of Shah Beg Arghtin, king of Sindh's army, after whose death he took possession of fhatta of which he was then governor, and assumed the title of king. He reigned 13 years and died in 1567 A. D., 975 A. H., when he was succeeded by his eldest son Mirza Muhammad Baki Turkhan, who, during his rule always maintained a friendly intercourse with the emperor Akbar of Dehli, frequently sending presents, and acknowledging fealty to that monarch. He died after a reign of 18 years in 1585 A. D., 993 A. H., and was succeeded by his grandson Mirza Jani Beg. Isdigertes, 4/^4>J', ''^^^^ Yezdijard. Isfahani, author of the " Danish Nama," a sys- tem of natural philosophy. Isfan or Stephen, cJ^'^'j is the name and takhallus of a Christian, born at Dehli. His father was a European. He was alive in 1800 A. D., 1215 A. H. 31 Isfandiyar, jk'^^^'^^, the son of Kishtasp or Gashtasp (Hystaspus) the fifth king of the Kayanian dynasty of Persia, was a great warrior, and appears to be the Xerxes of the Greeks. He was killed by Rustam before his father's death. Is-hak, (3^^**fj the poetical title of Jamal-uddin, a cotton- thrasher of Shiraz. He was an elegant poet, and has left us a Diwan called " Aksir-ul-Ishtiha," the Elixir of Hun- ger, full of amorous songs and parodies on the odes of Khwaja Hafiz, each verse of which contains either the name of a sweetmeat or a dish. He lived in the time of prince Sultan Sikandar, the son of Umar Shaikh, who much esteemed him. His proper name is Abu Is-hak, which he uses in poetry by abbreviating it into Bus-hak, vide Abu Is-hak. Is-hak-bin-'Ali, ^5"^ U'^. tj'^t; author of a Diwan in Arabic, and of a work called " Zuhr-il-'Adab." He died in 1022 A. D., 413 A. H. Is-hak-bin-Husain or Hunain, (^i'^ c^-f i3^'==*"f, j^^ii. Ij an Arabian author who translated the ALmagasti of Ptolemy from the Greek into Arabic under the title of " Tahr'ir-al-Majasti." This book is to be found in the French King's Library, No. 887. Shirazi has written a commentary on this work, and entitled it " Hall Mushki- lat-al-Majastf." Is-hak Khan, tu'^ d'^^'j styled Mo'tamin-uddaula, whose original name was Mirza Ghulam 'Ali, was a no- bleman of high rank, and a great favourite of the emperor Muhammad Shah of Dehli. He was a good poet, and used for his poetical name Is-hak. He died in the 22nd year of the emperor 1740 A. D., 1153 A. H., and after his death, his daughter was married to Shuja-uddaula, the son of Nawab Safdar Jang, and the nuptials were cele- brated with uncommon splendour, 1746 A. D., 1159 A. H, Is-hak, Maulana, d'^*"' ^^^y^, a learned Musalman who was born at Uchcha in Multan. In his youth he dedicated himself under the guidance of his uncle Saj'yad Sadr-uddin Eaju Kattal, whose sister was his mother. He died in 1456 A. D., 860 A. H., and was buried in the compound of his own house at Saharanpiir. Is-hak Mousali, (i'^*"^ a celebrated Arabian author, born at Mousal. It is related in the Kitab Ala- ghani, that when he was on a journey, he carried with him eighteen coffers full of books, though he declared, that if he had not been anxious to make his luggage as light as possible, he would have brought double the quantity. 'Ishk, (3"**j poetical title of Shah Eukn-uddin who flourished in the reign of the emperor Shah 'Alam. 'Ishki, LS^'^^} the title of a poet who flourished in the reign the emperor Muhammad Shah, and is the author of a Diwan. He died in 1729 A. D., 1142 A. H. 'Ishki, L5^^*^> poetical title of Shaikh Muhammad Wajih, son of Ghulam Husain Mujrim of Patna. He was for ten years under the English government Tahsildar of Kharwar ; was Uving in 1809 A. D., 1224 A. H., and is the author of a Diwan. 'Ishrat, <^j*^^, poetical name of Mirza 'Ali Riza, who col- lected his poems into a Diwan under Muhammad Shah in 1747 A. D., 1160 A. H., and died shortly after. 'Ishrat, j'^, author of the last part of the story of Pad- mawat in Urdu verse, which was completed by him 1796 A. D. Vide Padmawat and Ibrat.