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 Ibraliim 117 Ikbal hha as for as Thanesar, where he fell sick through ex- cess of drinking and died on the 16th Mehr, in the 30th year of Akbar's reign, corresponding with September, 1585 A. D., Shawwal, 993 A. H. According to the work " Masir-ul-TJmra," he was left behind by the emperor and ordered to take charge of the fortress of Agrah, where he died 1691 A. D., 999 A. H. Ibrahim, Shaikh, ibn-Mufrij-us-Souri, iSJJ"^^^ ^j^jo i^^jI f^^.^lj^ ^i^, author of the history of Alex- ander the Great and of Khizir in Arabic, called " Kitab Tarikh al-Iskandar Zulkarnain-al-Rumi-wa-Wazirat-al- Khizr." This is one of those substructures of truth upon which Eastern nations have erected a large and romantic edifice of fable, much in the same manner as the tales of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which though fictitious, were partly attributed to real characters, as in the romances of the Knights of the Eound Table and the Peers of Charle- magne. Ibrahim Shirwani, Shaikh, is'hj^ p^b-J' ruler of Shirwan, who reigned about the beginning of the ninth century of the Hijra. Maulana Katibi flourished in his time and died in 1435 A. D. Ibrahim Shaibani, i^^ki^ ^^^yJ, of Kirman Shah, a pupil of Abu 'Abdullah Maghrabi. He lived about the year 900 A. D. Ibrahim, Sultan, ft^'^i^ ^^^^ the son of Sultan Ma- sa'ud I of Ghazni, succeeded his brother Farrukhzad in 1059 A. D., 450 A. H. He was a pious, liberal and just prince. In the first year of his reign he concluded a treaty of peace with Sult&n Sanjar the Saljukide, at the same time his son Masa'ud espoused the daughter of Malikshah, sister to Sultan Sanjar, and a channel of friendship and intercourse was opened between the two nations. He afterwards came to India and took several forts and obtained the title of conqueror by the extent of his victories. Sultan Ibrahim had 36 sons and 40 daughters by a variety of women, the latter of whom he gave in marriage to learned and religious men. He died after a reign of more than forty years in 1098 A. D., 492 A, H., aged 76 lunar years, and was succeeded by his son Sultan Masa'ud II or III. According to the work called "Tarik Guzida" he reigned 30 years and died in the year 1088 A. D., 481 A. H. 'Ibrat, the poetical name of Ahmad 'AH Khan, cousin of Nawab Sa'adat Khan Zulfikar Jang. 'Ibrat, the poetical title of Mir Zaya-uddin, a poet, who wrote the first part of the story of Padmawat in Urdu verse, and died ; consequently the second part was written by Ghulam 'AH 'Ishrat, and finished in the year 1796 A. D., 1211 A. H., the chronogram of which he found to contain the words " Tasnif Dosha'ir." 'Ibrat, *^■^*J the poetical name of 'Abdul Mannan, which see. 'Ibrat, "rl/^} tie poetical name of Ahmad, a musician of Dehli, who, from the instructions that he received from Mirza 'Abdul Kadir Bedil, became an excellent poet. He at first had assumed "Maftun" for his poetical name, but afterwards changed it for " Ibrat." He was a co- temporary of Nasir 'AH the poet, and was living about the year 1688 A. D., 1100 A. H. 'Ibrat, the poetical title of Mir Ziaza-uddm, author of the first portion of the story of Padmawat in Urdii verse. He died about the year 1795. A. D. r2(fe Padmawat. Idris or Adris-bin-Hisam-uddin, MuUa, ui'^h 30 ^[—^ 1^ (jwJjiil author of the history called " Ta« rikh Hasht Bahisht," or the Eighth Paradise, containing the Memoirs of the most illustrious characters of the Muhammadan religion, who flourished from 1451 to 1506 A. D. 'Idrisi, tS'^J'^N (Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad-ibn-' Abdullah Idrfs), also called Sharif-al-Idrisf-al-Sikili, author of a system of Arabian geography, composed in 1153 A. D. He is said to be one of the most eminent Arabic geogra- phers and descendant of the royal family of the Idrfsites. He was born at Ceuta or Sibta (Civitas) in the year 1090 A. D. The title of the above work is " jSTuzhat-al-Mush- tak," and it has been translated into Latin by several authors. Iftikhar Khan, J-^ J^^^, title of Sultan Husain, the eldest son of Mir 'Abdul Hddi, entitled Asalat Khan Mir Bakhshi, who died at Balkh in the 20th year of the em- peror Shah Jahan 1647 A. D., 1057 A. H. In the first year of 'Alamgi'r, Sultan Husain was honored with the title of Iftikhar Khan. Some time before his death he was appointed Faujdar of Jounpui', where he died in 1681 A. D., 1092 A. H. Iffat Bano, J"*^ daughter of the emperor Jahangir. Her mother was the daughter of Said Khan of Kashghar. She died at the age of 3 years. Ihsan, tij'^'^l, the poetical name of Mirz& IhsanuUah, com- monly known by the title of Nawab Zafar Khan, who at one time was governor of Kabul when the poet Muham- mad 'All Saeb of Persia came to see him there. He died in 1662 A. D., 1073 A. H., and is the author of a Diwan in Persian. Ihsan, (i)'-"^', the poetical name of 'Abdur Eahman Khan of Dehli, who wrote excellent poetry in Urdu, and died some time after the year 1844 A. D., 1260 A. H. Ihsan, li)'"":^^!, the poetical title of a Hindu named Chunni Lai, who was Hving at Agrah in 1760 A. D., 1174 A. H. Ihtisham Khan, (tJ^=^ (•L^j^l, title of Shaikh Fan'd of Fathapur Sikrf, the son of Kutb-uddin Shaildi Khuban. He served under the emperors, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and 'Alamgir ; and was raised to the rank of 3000. He died in 1664 A. D., 1075 A. H. Ijad, <>^?"', the poetical name of Mir Muhammad IhsSm, who died in the year 1721 A. D., 1133 A. H. Ika Pandit, Ci><>ij '^1, aMarhattawho, inthetrme ofShah Alam and Madho Eao Scindhia, held the appointment of the Subadarship of the fort of Agrah. Ikbal Khan, J'■^^^ was the son of Zafar Khan, the son of Firoz Shah Tughlak. He defeated Nasrat Khan and ascended the throne of Dehli about the beginning of the year 1400 A. D., 802 A. H., and was slain in a battle against Khizr Khan, the a;overnor of Multan, in Novem- ber, 1405 A. D., 19th Jumada I, 808 A. H. After his death Sultan Mahmud Shah, who was defeated by Amir Taimiir and had fled to Gujrat and then to Kanauj, re- turned on the invitation of Daulat Khan Lodi who com- manded at Dehli, and took possession of the empire. Ikbal-uddaula Muhsin Ali Khan, (J^•^'l, the son of Shams-uddaula Ahmad 'AH Khan, the son of Nawab Sa'adat 'Ali Khan of Lakhnau. He sailed for England to claim the throne of Audh in January, 1838, A. D., and after trying in vain to obtain the recognition of his claim in England, determined upon