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 Ibrahim 115 Ibrahim with inscriptions from the Kuran in raised stone Arabic letters, which formerly were gilt, on a blue ground, though now the colouring has worn away. The mosque also is a beautiful biiilding. Ibrahim Ali Elian, iD^ish i^i^bi^j the new chief of Maleir Kotla is a minor of about 15 years of age (1872), and is receiving his education in the Wards' School at Umballa. Ibrahim Ali Khan, (♦•i*i^^'> nawab of Tonk, grandson of the famous Pindara chief Amir Khan. His fether Muhammad 'Ali Khan was deposed by the British Government on account of the Lowa massacre in 1867. He was installed as nawab of Tonk on the 19th January, 1871 by the British Government. Ibrahim Astarabadi, c5'<J^^Lr^' an author who translated the Eisala or " Kitab Hasania" of Abu'l Fatuh Eazx Makki from the Arabic into Persian in 1551 A. D., 968 A. H. Ibrahim Barid Shah, 'H;^ succeeded his father 'All Barfd in the government of Ahmadabad Bidar about the year 1562 A. D., 970 A. H. He reigned seven years and died about the year 1669 A. D., 977 A. H. His brother Kasim Barid II, succeeded him. Ibrahim Bayu, Malik, J^i (*^]^^ In the province of Behar there is a hillock called Pit Paharf, on the top of which there is a tomb with Persian inscriptions in verse, intimating that Malik Ibrahim Bayu died in the reign of Sultan Firoz Shah on a Sunday in the month of Zil-hijja 753 A. H., which corresponds with January, 1353 A. D., but who he was we are not informed. Ibrahim-bin-Aghlab, an Arabian cap- tain who was appointed governor of Egypt and Africa by the Khalif Harun-al-Kashid in 800 A. D., 184 A. H. The descendants of this governor who settled in Africa, bore the name of Aghlabia or Aghlabites, and formed a dynasty of princes who reigned there till the year 908 A. D., 296 A. H., when they were driven out by the Fa- timites. Ibrahim-bin- Ali, y^^uH author of the work called "Majma'-ul-Ansab," or the Genealogy of the dif- ferent dynasties of Persia, tiU 1233 A. D., 630 A. H. Ibrahim-bin-Hariri, iSjix'^iif' (♦i*!/i'> author of the "Tarikh rbrahimi," an abridged history of India, from the earliest times, to the conquest of that country by the emperor Babar Shah, who defeated Sultan Ibrahim Hus- sain Lodi, king of Dehli, and became the founder of the Mughal dynasty. It was dedicated to Babar Shah in 1528 A. D., 934 A. H. Ibrahim-bin-Muhammad-al-Halabi, Shaikh, author of a Persian work on Theology called " Akaed Sunnia," and of the " Mul- taka-al-Abhar." This work, which is an universal code of Muhammadan law, contains the opinions of the four chief Mujtahid Im^ms, and illustrates them by those of the principal jurisconsults of the school of Abu Hani'fa. He died 1549 A. D., 956 A. H., vide Imam 'Alam-bin- 'Ata. Ibrahim-bin-Nayal, ij ^i-" iy^(*^*irJl j brother of Tughral Beg's mother, a chief who defeated Tughan Shah I, a prince of the Saljukian family, in battle, took him pri- soner and blinded him. Ibrahim was murdered after some time in 952 A. D., 461 A. H., by Tughral Beg, the vmcle of Tughan Shah, Ibrahim-bin-Saleh, cousin of Harun-al- Eashid. A curious story is given of him in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, No. 11, that when he died, Mauka-al-Hindi the philosopher restored him to life, and that Ibrahim lived long after this circumstance, and married the princess 'Ali 'Abbasa, daughter of Al-Mahdi, and obtained the government of Egypt and Palestine, and died in Egypt. Ibrahim-bin- Walid II, ij'^ <^jui f^i^^y.^, a Khalif of the race of Umaiya, succeeded his brother Yazi'd III, in 744 A. D., 126 A. H., and had reigned but seventy days, when he was deposed, and slain by Mu'awia II, who ascended the throne in Syria. Ibrahim Husain, Khwaja, c^i~^ (^i^^ji^ *^Ly^, a celebrated caUgrapher in the service of the emperor 'Akbar, who wrote a beautiful Nastalfk hand. He died in the year 1693 A. D., 1001 A. H.,'and 'Abdul Kadir Badaoni found the chronogram of his death to be contained in his very name with the exception of the first letter in Ibrahim, viz., AM. Ibrahim Husain Lodi, Sultan, iS'ij^ u^r-^ /•iJ^L^I ID^*", ascended the throne of Agra, after the death of his father Sikandar Shah Lodi in February, 1510 A. D., Zi-ka'da 915 A. H. He reigned 16 years, and was defea- ted and slain in a battle fought at Panipat with the em- peror Babar Shah on Friday the 20th April, 1526 A. D., 7th Eajab, 932 A. H., an event which transferred the empire of Dehli and Agrah to the family of Amir Taimur. From this battle we may date the fall of the Pathan empire, though that race afterwards made many eiforts, and recovered it for a few years in the time of the em- peror Humayun. Ibrahim Husain Miraa, 13^^!^ uir-'^ (^Lr'}'> a son- in-law of the emperor Humayun, and the second son of Muhammad Sultan Mirza, who had four other sons be- sides him, viz., 1st, Muhammad Husain Mirza, 2nd, Ibrahim Husain Mirza, 3rd, Masa'ud Husain Mirza, 4th, Ulagh Mirza, who died in 1567 A. D., 975 A. H., and 5th, Shah Mirza. They were styled, " The Mirzas," and were, on account of their ill-conduct, confined in the Fort of Sambhal by order of the emperor Akbar. When that monarch marched in the year 1567 A. D., 975 A. H. for the purpose of subduing Malwa, they made their escape and sought an asylum with Chingiz Khan, a nobleman at Baroach. They took Champaneir and Siirat and also Baroach in 1569 A. D., 977 A. H., and created a great disturbance in the surrounding countries. Ibra- him Husain was taken prisoner in 1573 A. D., 981 A. H. and shortly after put to death by Makhsus Khan, gover- nor of Multan, and his head sent to the emperor ; who ordered it to be placed over one of the gates of Agrah, (vide Gulrakh Begam) and caused his brother Masa'ud Husain Mirza to be confined in the fort of GwaHar where he soon after died. Ibrahim^ibn-Aghlab, V^'c>^'(*i*lr!', akingof Barbary. This country was reduced by the Saracens in the Khila- fat of 'Umar, and continued subject to the Khalif of Arabia and Baghdad till the reign of Hariin-al-Kashi'd, who having appointed Ibrahim-ibu-Aghlab governor of the western parts of his empire, that prefect took the opportunity, first of assuming greater powers to himself than had been granted by the Khalif, and then erecting a principality altogether independent of the Khalifs. The race of Aghlab continued to enjoy their new principality peaceably tiU the year 910 A. D., 298 A. H., during which time they made several descents on the island of Sicily, and conquered a part of it. About this time, how- ever, one Obeidullah sumamed 'Al-Mahdi, rebelled against