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 Ibn 1 13 Ibn Ibn-Hibban, ly'^ li^!', whose proper name was Asir- uddin Muhammad, the son of Yusaf. Was the author of several works. He died at Damascus in the year 1344 A. D., 745 A. H. Ibn-Hilal, Lf'J, also called 'Alai, is the author of a work, entitled " Minhaj-ul-Talihm," which is also called " Tarikh 'Alai," and is dedicated to Shah Shujaa' Kir- manf. Ibn-Houbal, <^'J^ W^'j a celebrated physician and au- thor, who died in the year 1213 A. D. Ibn-Houkal tJ-Sj.Jk l^Jt, an Arabian, and author of the work, entitled " Ashkal-ul-Bilad," containing maps and geographical description of several countries, which he wrote in the year 977 A. D., 367 A. H. Ibn-Humam, f*'-*^ C^'^N author of a Commentary on the Hidaya, entitled " Fath-ul-Kadir," which is also called " Sharah Hidaya." He'died'in the year 1457 A. D., 861 A. H. He is also called Humam, which see. Ibn-Husam, ujJ'j of Khawaf, surname of Shams- uddm Muhammad, author of an heroic poem in praise of 'Alf, containing the principal events of his Ufe ; his dis- putes, wars, &c., entitled " Khawar N&ma." He died 1470 A. D., 875 A. H. Ibn-Ibad, Oi', surname of Abu'l Kasim Ismai'l, Kafi, who was wazir and first minister of state to the Sultans Muwaiyad-uddaula and Fakhr-uddaula of the race of Boya. He died 996 A. D., 385 A. H., and is said to have left a library consisting of 112,000 volumes, and to have passed for the most generous and most liberal man of his time. He was also styled Kaf£-ul-Kafat. Ibn-Imad, >ii^ li^'J^ a poet of Elurasan who flourished in the latter end of the 14th century of the Christian Era. He resided in Shiraz, and is author of a Diwan or a love- story, called " Dah Nama", in Persian. Ibn-Jinni, ti^-'j v^hose proper name was Abu'l Fatha 'Usman, a learned Musalman, but blind of one eye. He died at Baghdad 1002 A. D., 392 A. H. Ibn-JOTlzi, LSjy^ i^-K 'oi^^ Abu'l Farah-ibn-Jouzi. Ibn-Kamal Pasha, '-"^ J^^ e^^', surname of Mufti Shams-uddin Ahmad-bin-Sulaiman, author of the " Sha- rah Hadis-al-'Arbain." He died 1533 A. D., 940 A. H. Ibn-Kattaa, t^^*" J^'^ lyJ t5^ surname of 'Ali-bin-Ja'far Sikilli, an Arabian author, who died 1121 A.D., 515 A. H. Ibn-Khaldim, iz))'^^ W-'j the African philosopher. His name and titles are in Arabic : " Walf-uddin Abti Zaid 'Abdui'rahman-bin-Muhammad-al-Hazrami-al-Ishbfli,"but he is better known by the single patronymic name of Ibn- Khaldun. His father sumamed Khaldun was a native of Amazirg or Berber (in Africa), but his wife, descending from a family of the Arabian province Hazramat, made her son adopt the surname of Al-Hazramf. He was bom in Tunis in the year 1332 A. D., and passed his youth in Egypt. He then served a short time under Taimur, as chief justice' at Damascus. He returned to Egypt where he became Supreme Judge, and died in the year 1406 A. D. His principal and most remarkable work is the History of the Arabs, the Persians, and the Barbers. The whole composition is commonly called Tarikh-ibn- Khaldun. ' 29 Ibn-Khallikan, uj'^^'=^ whose full name is Shams- uddfn Abii'l Abbas Ahmad-ibn-Muhammad-ibn-Abu Bakr- ibn-Khallikan, drew his descent from a family of Balkh. This very eminent scholar and follower of Shafa'i doc- trines, was born at Arbela, but resided at Damascus, where he had filled the place of chief Kazi till the year 1281 A. D., 680 A. H., when he was dismissed, and from that time tiU the day of his death he never went out of doors. He was a man of the greatest reputation for learning, versed in various sciences, and highly accom- plished ; he was a scholar, a poet, a compiler, and an his- torian. By his talents and writings, he merited the hon- orable title of " the most learned man," and the ablest historian. His celebrated Biographical work, called the Wafiat-ul-Aiyan or deaths of eminent men, is the acme of perfection. This work was translated from the Arabic by Baron MacGucklin De Slane, Member of the Council of the Asiatic Society of Paris, &c., and published in 1842 A. D. This translation is a most valuable work to those who wish to gain a knowledge of the legal literature of the Muhammadans, as he has added to the text numerous learned notes, replete with curious and interesting infor- mation relating to the Muhammadan law and lawyers. Ibn-Khallikan was born on Thursday the 22nd of Sep- tember, 1211 A. D., 11th Rabf II, 608 A. H., and died on Thursday the 31st of October, 1282 A. D., 26th Eajab, 681 A. H., aged 73 lunar years, in the Najibia CoUege at Damascus and was interred at Mount Kasiyun. Ibn-Khurdadbih, an historian, who died about the year 912 A. D. Vide Khurdaziba. Ibn-Kutaiba, surname of Shaikh al-Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah -bin-Muslim Dinwari, author of the " Ayun-ul- Akhbar," and many other works. He died 889 A, D., 267 A. H. Ibn-Maja, i^^}, whose proper name is Abu Abdul- lah Muhammad-bin-Yez'id-bin-Maja-al-Kazwmf, was the author of a collection of traditions, and of a commentary on the Kuran. The first, which is entitled " Kitab-us- Sunan," is the sixth book of the Simna, and is commonly called " Sunan Ibn-Maja." Ibn-Maja was born in the year 824 A. D., 209 A. H., and died in 886 A. D., 273 A. H. Ibn-Makla, ^^'^ U^}, wazir of the khalff al-Kahir Billah of Baghdad, whom, with the consent of other Umras, he deposed and having deprived him of sight, raised Al- Eazi Billah to the throne. Not long after, his hands and tongue were cut oiF by the order of Razi, because he had wi'itten a letter to the Khalif's enemy vsdthout his know- ledge, from which he died in the year 939 A. D., 327 A. H. Ibn-Makla is the inventor of the present Arabic character which was afterwards improved by Ibn-Bauwab. Ibn-Marduya, '^ii-^y urJ'^ commonly called so, but his proper name is Abu Bakr. He is the author of the work " Mustakharij Bikhari" and of a commentary and history. He died 410 A. H. Ibn-Malik, t^^, vide Abu Abdullah-ibn-Malik. Ibn-Muallim, (♦'^ C^-;', vide Shaikh Mufid. Ibn-Rajab, 'vide Zain-uddin-bin- Ahmad. Ibn-Eashid, "^^J surname of Abu'l Wali'd Muham- mad-bin-Ahmad, whom the Europeans call Averroes aifd Aven Eosch, was one of the most subtile philosophers that ever appeared among the Arabians. He was bom at Corduba in Spain, where his father held the office of high priest and chief judge, under the emperor of Morocco. His knowledge of law, divinitj', mathematics, and astro- logy was ver}' extensive, and to this was added the theory rather than the practice of medicine. On the death of his father, he was appoLated to succeed him. Falling