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332 hast seen here. Biterolf, 9471, relates that Dietrich had carried Siegfried, when young, by force to Etzel’s court.

full soon. See note 1 to page 12.

paynim (O. F. paienime, late Latin paganismus), ‘heathen.’

gold for offerings. This was the gold to be used as offering when masses were sung for Siegfried’s soul.

Vergen is the modern Pföring, below Ingolstadt. A ferry across the river existed here from ancient times.

Pilgrim, or Pilgerin, as he is variously called, is an historical personage. He was bishop of Passau from 971 to 991. Without doubt he is a late introduction, according to Boer between 1181 and 1185. See Boer,, 204, and E. L. Dümmler, Pilgrim von Passau, Leipzig, 1854.

Enns (M. H. G. Ens) is one of the tributaries of the Danube, flowing into it about eleven miles southeast of Linz.

Efferding (M. H. G. Everdingen) is a town on the Danube, about thirteen miles west of Linz.

Traun (M. H. G. Trûne) is a river of Upper Austria, forty-four miles southeast of Linz.

truncheons, see note 3 to page 6.

Botelung’s son is Attila, who is so called in our poem, in the Klage, and in Biterolf. In the earlier Norse version Atli is the son of Budli. (On this point see Müllenhoff, Zur Geschichte der Nibelungensage, p. 106, and Zsfd A.,, 161, and Bleyer, PB. Beit. , 459, where the names are shown to be identical.

Medelick is the modern Mölk, or Melk, a town on the Danube near the influx of the Bilach. It lies at the foot of a granite cliff on which stands a famous Benedictine abbey.

Astolt appears only in this passage; nothing else is known of him.

Mautern is situated at the influx of the Flanitz, opposite Stein in Lower Austria.

Traisem, Traisen, is a tributary of the Danube in Lower Austria, emptying near Traismauer.