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least as far back as 1815 when Metternich instructed " la librairie

Herder," in Freiburg im Breisgau, to publish a journal “ à l'inten tion de l'armée autrichienne qui marchait sur Paris. Herder installa ad hoc une imprimerie de campagne dont sortirent,

chemin faisant, les exemplaires d 'une Deutsche Feldzeitung.” 71 During the war in the Transvaal two journals were published for the troops, “ un petit journal amusant la Lyre, rendit moins longues les heures des assiégés de Lady Smith ,” and The Friend. The latter was begun in March, 1900 , at the request of Lord Roberts for the entertainment and the information of the troops

at Bloemfontein, and was in charge of several well-known young writers.72

The interests of women were long assumed to be peculiar, apart from the interests of the world in general, and consequently to demand journals especially for them. But here as elsewhere

women came quickly to develop newspapers owned, edited , and published by themselves and these continued until the weakening of the artificial barriers that had separated the interests of men and women, and new alignments have ranged together all having

a common cause.73 Madame Adam in La Nouvelle Revue has well shown that a common cause unites the interests of men and 71 C. Rieben, “ Les Journaux et la guerre,” Bibliothèque universelle et revue suisse , November, December, 1919 , 96 : 241 – 258, 408 - 428. 7 Julian Ralph, War's Brighter Side, pp. 1 - 14. The volume gives a history of the paper and includes a number of the contributionsmade to it. 73 One of the earliest women editors was Anne Royall whose Life and

Times has recently been written by Sarah H. Porter. Mrs. Royall bought a second hand printing press, hired a printer, " adopted the editorial “We' and with a full set of principles on hand began her journalistic career." She published in Washington the first number of Paul Pry, December 3 ,

1831, and the last number November 19, 1836. It was followed at once by The Huntress that continued from December 2, 1836 to July 2 , 1854. – Life and Times, pp. 146 – 191, 223 - 226.

Her editorial policy was indicated in her refusal to print a personal scandal concerning a man prominent in the church, in part because “ it is

against a private man. Public men are fair game.” P. 150. D. C. Bloomer in The Life and Writings of Amelia Bloomer gives a full

account of the work of Mrs. Bloomer who owned, edited and published The Lily, devoted to the interests of women. Its first number appeared January 1, 1849.

The Woman 's Journal under Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell began

in 1870 and was devoted especially to securing suffrage for women. The

greater its success in advocating this cause the more inevitably it ulti mately declined. When the goal was practically reached it was merged with The Woman Citizen.