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fashion,49 and from these groups having unified interests there has developed the press that ministers to each specialized group. Religious journalism

groups every special sect, however large

or small it may be. Political parties are ranged on opposite sides and their support of ruling authorities or opposition to them is organized through the press. Trade journals consolidate and promote business interests.50 Amateur journalism binds together as well as represents the interest developing in growing youth.

The city press unifies the undistinguishable masses in metro

politan areas; the country press unifies individuals whose inter ests have never been merged into those of a larger group. The early newspapers were almost exclusively issued for grown men ; later, newspapers introduced features for the groups of women

and children ; present day newspapers abandon the special pages or columns for women and children and make a new alignment based on community of interests among men, women , and chil dren .51

When different groups have become unified, the press again may exploit group hostility among different groups. When one group has been unified by the press representing the dominant

interest of the group, new interests may arise and a new type of newspaper be demanded for the same group. Interest in ama 49 In some instances the unification of a group extends to those speaking a foreign language, - a prominent fashion journal issues an edition in French and in Spanish as well as a third for the British Islands. 60 Trade journalism was started in America in 1846 by William Bur

roughs and Robert Boyd who issued the Dry Goods Reporter and Commercial Glance. - C. T. Root, " The History and Development of Industrial Journal

ism ,” Industrial Journalism, pp. 9 –27. The trade journals published in Chicago in 1922 numbered 450. — List

compiled by the Chicago Association of Commerce, – W. H. Harper, editor of Chicago Commerce. A later development has been the store papers now apparently found in every business, - clothing, hardware, grocery, florist, druggist, to note

but a few of the very many found. — T. A. Bird, “ Store Papers," Sales Plans, pp. 98- 115 . Extreme specialization of newspapers representing the multifarious in dustries of modern days is probably best illustrated in Germany where trade periodicals like the Schornsteinfeger for chimney sweeps and the

Allgemeine deutsche Käseblatt for cheese -workers record the extent to which this specialization has prevailed. - R. H. Fife, Jr., The German Empire between TwoWars, pp. 359 - 388.

61 Congratulations on discontinuing its fashion page were sent to the New York Tribune, June 15, 1918.