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, I , 285. advertised, it necessarily is thereby limited for the use of the

historian.77

The editor has his difficulties with the artistic temperament. When several artists withdrew from a well-known weekly journal because they believed it should be free not only from any journal istic influence but also free from the influence of an editorial art, the genial editor euphemistically explained the situation in

saying, “ They wished to sacrifice the symmetry, completeness , order, timeliness , unity in variety , and so forth , of the magazine

as a whole to the ideal of unconditioned individual expression ,” and this too when the paper, its editor believed , was “ the only illustrated magazine in America which habitually declines to conciliate its readers, or to consider either the advertisers or the subscription lists in deciding what art and what writing it shall publish .” 78 The illustrated press of political parties must be used with qualifications. Each political party has its own political organ ,

and every paper has its own political bias. The result is that all political cartoons are one-sided but not necessarily unfair,79 although their target may think them so .80 It is also often dif ficult for cartoonists to deal successfully with political conditions outside of their own country,81 while at home their work may

be popular, as Thackeray said of one of his contemporaries, not because it is witty but because it deals with well-known and easily recognized public characters. Still another limitation in the use of illustrations is found in

the censorship exercised in regard to them in time of war, - a

censorship over photographs and all illustrations that is as strict 77 The illustrations used in connection with plant and seed advertisements are interesting examples of the discrepancy between roses and cabbages grown by experts and by amateurs, — the first class are illustrated, the latter are not.

78 Max Eastman, Journalism versus Art, pp. 10 – 12. 79 F. C. Gould, Political Caricatures, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906. These have been reproduced from the Westminster Gazette and are an excellent record of the political questions of the day, of governmentalaction on them, and of the effect of this on the voters.

80 Richard Croker as he is and as the Cartoonist Makes him is a collection of about five hundred and sixty cartoons, really caricatures, “ gathered by their target” mainly from the press ofNew York City and State, but with exam

ples from many other states. They cover the period from 1893 to about 1901. 81 John Leech, Later Pencillings from Punch.