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Kladderadatsch each has its own appropriate, distinctive, re cognizable symbol. Different artists even more than different writers have their own distinguishing characteristics.

In turn

they have created distinctive national characters like John Bull and Uncle Sam, they have symbolized political parties by the donkey, the elephant, and the moose, or one wing of a political

party by the tiger. They have created hundreds of well-known characters not only in advertising columns and in comic supple ments but in the regular news and editorial columns of the daily press, and they have thus widely extended the acquaintance of

all classes of society. The personality of the illustrated press and of the illustrations within the daily press is even more clear-cut and recognizable than is that of the paper ofwhich it may form a part.

Each class of illustration is often a counterpart of another

feature of the press

our special artist ” is twin brother to " our

own correspondent; " the illustrated advertisement, like the advertisement itself, is to -day concerned with the processes by which results are achieved ; the cartoon of the day illustrates the

same changes that have come in news and in editorial column, they appeal to the rank and file rather than to the exceptional

person ; the cartoonist elected to Congress may find the paper for which he drew barred from the mails ; 10 another cartoonist may,

like an editor, find his political views, his patriotism, and his Americanism called in question by ever -watchful, self-constituted guardians of the existing order ; 11 the illustrator, like the news 8 Life represented Lincoln after the manner of ten different artists. - Feb ruary 4, 1918. - A page in Spielmann gives thirty -six different representa tions of Gladstone drawn for Punch by several of its artists. - History of Punch, p. 207. — The New York Times, January 10, 1919 , gave on a double page two hundred and ninety -two pictures of Roosevelt.

9 The illustration of a concrete steel company shows a factory in process of construction ; asbestos roofing is being laid ; sectional furniture is being put together; parts of automobiles are being assembled.

The customs of the so -called upper classes are discovered through the illustration of the butler serving a well-known brand of soup, the double

handled bouillon cups illustrating a variety of beef extract, the waitress

carrying a tray with coffee service and coffee pot containing coffee of a special brand, and boys playing in an exclusive park rather than on the street adver

tise the clothing of a high -priced dealer in boys' clothing. · 10 New York Sun, July 14 , 1917.

11 The discussion of the political views of “ Ding ” filled many columns of theNew York Tribune, October,