Page:The Newspaper and the Historian.djvu/107



The recent war has been prolific in newspapers published in camp and trench and on shipboard and their names have been specially appropriate, — The Periscope, Over the Top, The Fusillade,

The Hatchet of the George Washington, Speed Up, The Dry-Dock Dial.

Change of name may be an interesting illustration of the per sonality of a newspaper. After rigorous censorship, M. Clemenceau

changed the name of L'Homme Libre to L 'Homme Enchainé, but after he became premier, the paper reverted to its former name.

Many years before in Paris, La Lune, after it was suppressed, re appeared under the name L 'Eclipse. Change in point of view may bring an equally interesting change in designation ; The Forlorn Hope was the name of a weekly published in 1799 by the

convicts in the New York State Prison, while the corresponding paper later was called The Star of Hope.

A newspaper may change its name many times and yet, like the leopard, not change its spots. Richard Carlile brought out

papers bearing the various names of Republican, Deist, Moralist, Lion, Prompter, Gauntlet, Christian Warrior, Phoenix , Scourge, Church, and yet apparently the character of the paper never changed with change of name. Annual and Directory; Paul Bluysen, Annuaire de la presse française ; Sell's World 's Press ; W. E. Connelley, History of Kansas Newspapers; A. T. Gris wold, Annotated Catalogue of Newspaper Files in the Library of the State

Historical Society of Wisconsin ; D. C. Haskell, Check List of Newspapers and Official Gazettes in the New York Public Library; J. V. Ñ. Ingram, A Check List of American Eighteenth Century Newspapers in the Library of Congress ; A. Matthews Bibliographical Notes on Boston Newspapers, 1704 – 1780 ; F. W. Scott, Newspapers and Periodicals of Illinois, 1814 – 1879 ;

L. H. Weeks and E. M. Bacon, An Historical Digest of the Provincial Press.

The names of many papers begun in France during the years 1848 – 1852 are especially significant in recording contemporaneous conditions not only

in France but elsewhere, - La Californie Agricole, Le Courrier de San -Fran

cisco. See E. G. Swem, ed ., French Newspapers of 1848–50 in the Virginia State Library ; E. Hatin, Bibliographie historique et critique de la presse périodique française ; Curiosités révolutionnaires. Les Journaux rouges. Napoleon I had earlier protested against the name Citoyen français as being too democratic and it became the Courrier français; Les Debats became

the Journal de l'Empire. - H. Welschinger, La Censure sous le premier

Empire, pp. 88, 93. J. A. O 'Shea, Leaves from the Life of a Special Correspondent, I, 258. 6 1 . N. P. Stokes, Iconography of Manhattan Island, II, 419.

6 Theophila Carlile Campbell, The Battle of the Press,