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2  which has created such a relationship to the public that the stoppage of anthracite production is materially dangerous to the life and health of the people. The Attorney General had advised me that under the clear intent of a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States the anthracite industry, being a monopoly, may be declared to be affected with a public interest and therefore subject to regulation as a public utility.

"Action by the Legislature declaring the anthracite monopoly to be a public utility will supply some degree of public control where none exists today; will furnish information never before revealed, and will exert the most powerful influence the public can apply toward the settlement of the strike. What is equally important, it will be the most effective step that can be taken toward securing uninterrupted prosperity for the inhabitants of the anthracite region and an uninterrupted supply of anthracite for those who need it."

The proclamation places first among the subjects to be considered the question of election reform. Bills providing for amendments to existing laws are now being drafted with the purpose of ending recent election scandals in Philadelphia, Scranton and Pittsburgh. This work is in the hands of the Committee of Seventy-six, named by the Governor. The bills are intended to insure an honest vote and an honest count and also to make it easier to open ballot boxes. Voting machines are to be made optional in any political subdivision of the State. Assistance to voters is to be more restricted and permanent registration is provided for in other bills. A proposed constitutional amendment is contemplated which would make use of voting machines compulsory in given cities or in cities of A class, would abolish tax qualification for voting and provide for overseers of elections.

Speaking of abuses in the State that need correction, the Governor said:

"The worst of these is the stealing of votes. Gang politicians in many counties have undertaken to rob our people of the most precious of all rights, the right of self-government. By refusing to count votes cast against the gang and by counting in their favor votes never cast at all, these election thieves destroy the rule of the majority."

No suggestion of how the difference between Pennsylvania and New Jersey over the Camden bridge tolls is to be settled is contained in the Governor's proclamation. The way is opened, however, for the Pennsylvania Legislature to repeal the law which prohibits the collection of tolls, which act has resulted in the suspension of work on the viaduct.

"After very careful consideration I have reached the conclusion that the deadlock with New Jersey over the question of tolls on the Delaware River bridge should have the attention of the Legislature."

The Governor is more explicit about his giant power plans rejected by the 1925 Legislature. He then had nineteen bills before the house. This time fewer bills, but measures covering the essential points of the others are proposed. These would define the power of a giant power board, authorize incorporation of giant power companies, provide for cheaper distribution of electric current, regulation of rates and service, and authorize incorporation of generation companies. The purpose of the entire series of bills is to prevent, "the great electrical monopoly now being consolidated," from being formed without proper consideration for the public welfare. "The supreme importance" of giant power, the Governor said, "is one of my reasons for calling this extra session."

The question of more strict prohibition enforcement, the Governor said, is of "fundamental moral importance." He does not go into his proposed laws, but State inspection of the breweries and distilleries, made impossible by the action of the last two regular Legislatures, is probably in his mind.

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 13 (AP).—John L. Lewis, President of the United Mine Workers, and Major W. W. Inglis, Chairman of the anthracite operators' Negotiating Committee, expressed interest tonight in Governor Pinchot's call for a special session of the Legislature, which, among other things, is to take up the hard coal strike. Both, however, withheld comment on the Governor's action.

Major Inglis said the operators' General Committee had been called to consider the proposed legislation and that the mine owners probably would issue a statement after the meeting.

Mr. Lewis did not indicate whether the miners would have a statement on the subject later. He said there was no change in the strike situation tonight and that he did not expect any in the immediate future.

WILKES-BARRE, Pa., Dec. 13 (AP).—John B. Gallagher, traveling auditor of the International Mine Worker's Union, stated tonight that as a result of the hard coal strike "considerable" destitution existed in the anthracite region, but that it was not general.

Mr. Gallagher and C. W. Zerrey of Scranton were designated on Nov. 23 to take charge of relief work in District 1. After a canvas of the district Mr. Gallagher said he had found but five of the local unions unable to provide for needy cases. Relief is being extended from a $25,000 fund set aside by the district, though the local unions, and where extreme cases are reported $3 is allowed weekly for a man and wife and fifty cents for each child.

SCRANTON, Pa., Dec. 13 (AP).—Anthracite operators in a statement issued tonight by Major W. W. Inglis, Chairman of the Operators' Wage Negotiating Committee, denied "statements in the press, made by the miners, and at times made by editorial writers," that the operators had refused to allow their records to be scrutinized and were covering the facts concerning the industry by a veil of secrecy. Mr. Inglis's statement follows:

"There have been repeated statements in the press, made by the miners, and at times made by editorial writers, to the effect that the operators have always refused to show their books and that the facts concerning the industry are obscured by a veil of secrecy. This is absolutely untrue. The last survey of the industry was made in 1923 by the United States Coal Commission. Its report, in five volumes, can be obtained from the Government printing office, Washington, D. C.

"The data it contains was not compiled by operators, but was taken from their books by the commission's accountants. In this report will be found figures as to wages, costs, income, profits and all of the things which it is contended are not known."

SHAMOKIN, Pa., Dec. 13—That farmers are as charitable as others was manifested here when an Irish Valley man was approached by a striking miner's wife who had always purchased her Winter potatoes from him and was asked for credit until the close of the strike. All the woman sought was a lone bushel of the tubers and the farmer, appreciative of her patronage of the past, granted the request.

When he carried the potatoes into the home, five wan and peaked children rushed to the tub in which he had emptied them and proceeded to chew upon the raw potatoes as if they were the most juicy of fruits. It was then that the agriculturalist learned that the family was without the bare necessities of life.

After disposing of his load of potatoes the farmer returned to his house, loaded additional potatoes, apples and meats into a touring car and proceeded back to the home. In addition he gave the family cash to assist in tiding it through the strike period. He likewise volunteered future assistance in the event that the strike continues for any length on time.

Poor relief orders for food are being issued regularly here to strikers' families, it was said today. The twenty-two Democratic Representatives from New York State have called upon President Coolidge to appoint a joint Congressional commission to inquire into the anthracite controversy and report by Feb. 1, 1926, it was announced yesterday. A resolution to this effect was adopted in Washington on Saturday, when the entire delegation, it was said, met at the office of Representative John F. Carew. A committee was appointed to draft a resolution to be introduced in the House today. The resolution read:

"Whereas in the City and State of New York and assured supply of coal throughout the year is necessary for life and industry and from the middle of October to the middle of May is an essential to the maintenance of life itself; and

"Whereas the operators and owners of the anthracite coal mines and the miners have up to this date not solved their differences and have brought about a condition threatening this Winter's supply in the City and State of New York; and

"Whereas a steady and assured supply of coal as one of the prime necessities of life should be guaranteed to our people by governmental action if need be; therefore be it

"Resolved by the Democratic Representatives in Congress of the State of New York that the President of the United States be requested by resolution of the House of Representatives of the Congress to appoint a commission compromising members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives and other citizens to make a public inquiry which will reveal all the facts in the present controversy; and further be it

"Resolved, That this commission be instructed by the President to make recommendations to the Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1926, which will insure adequate deliveries of coal to all consumers in all the States at all times; and it was further

"Resolved, That a committee be appointed to draft a suitable resolution for the specific purpose of introduction to the House of Representatives on Monday morning."

Nationalizing of the coal industry of the country was called for in an open letter to Congress which the League for Industrial Democracy, 70 Fifth Avenue, made public yesterday. The State Coal Commission here was described as "Impotent to do more than give advice." President Coolidge with his "regional consolidation" plan would make a bad situation worse, and Governor Pinchot's peace terms would gain a "truce" but not a "solution," according to the letter, which alleged that anthracite operators in the last decade had "levied against the public the sum of $200,000,000 in inflated valuations which are charged up against the cost of every ton of coal mined."

"Moreover, they are evidently planning to inflate the industry another $400,000,000 as soon as they can," the letter said.

The letter was signed for the League for Industrial Democracy by its President, Robert Morse Lovett, formerly of the University of Chicago, and its executive directors, Harry W. Laidler and Norman Thomas, Socialist Candidate for Mayor at the last election.

The letter added:

"The situation in New York City is typical of that in the whole area dependent of anthracite coal. Our present State Coal Commission, like the State Fuel Administration in 1922 and 1923, is impotent to do more than give advice. In spite of it, the price of anthracite has risen from $14 to $25 and $30 a ton. Coke has gone from $3 to $18, and soft coal from $6 to $16. Of this outrageous profiteering the middlemen, even more than the producers, have been the beneficiaries. In this situation there has been an almost total bankruptcy of effective public leadership."

STEUBENVILLE, Ohio, Dec. 13 (AP).—Sheriff's deputies tonight, after an all-day search, were without clues as to the identity of robbers who yesterday invaded the Village of Bradley, near here, chloroformed twenty-five persons and escaped with money and jewelry valued at $1,300.

The robbers confined their activities to five families. At the home of David Landers five were chloroformed, six in the house of Dewey Lyons, four in the home of Joseph Daranek, three in David Harbison's home and seven in the home of Julius Legross. Officials tonight were continuing their investigation of places where the bandits might have obtained the chloroform.

Entering the homes the robbers put their victims under the influence of the anesthetic and for several hours deliberately and systematically ransacked the five houses. A number of the homes were entered by means of skeleton keys.

Some of the victims recovered consciousness about noon and notified the authorities here, who proceeded to the mining village. A number of those put under the anesthetic were still sleeping when officers arrived.

All the victims had fully recovered today, reports said, and had suffered no ill effects. The robbers in each home opened windows so as to insure recovery from effects of the chloroform.   PARIS, Dec. 13,—Deputy Louis Marin, who a year ago caused a political stir by his demand in the Chamber that the estimate of France's indebtedness to her allies be based on her sacrifices in life and resources, today at Lyons, in a speech setting forth the Nationalist program, reiterated that argument in these terms:

"No discussion can be begun except on a firm juridic basis which takes account of the whole contribution and profits of all the beligerents and resolves them into general compensation."

While in the abstract such a solution of the debt question is one which all Frenchman hold to be only just, only M. Marin and a few of his friends still consider any purpose can be served by seeking to make practical politics of that viewpoint.

This is what he says of the Locarno treaties:

"The compact of Locarno only aggravates the precariousness of our security by the consecration of a situation which we still hoped was only temporary. It places us under the tutelage of England and is based on the signature of Germany on one more scrap of paper. Our security should depend on the assurance of the force of a well-trained army and solid alliances."

CHICAGO, Dec. 13.—As the result of negotiations which have been carried on quietly for some time, the Engineering School of Northwestern University is expected to take over the Armour Institute of Technology and thus make Chicago one of the engineering centres of the country.

The negotiations between the two boards of trustees have been held secret, but it is known that the plan contemplates a gradual movement over a five-year period of the physical and educational assets of the Institute into the administrative control of Northwestern. During the interim the Armour name will remain, but at the end of the five years there will be only the one school, with its main buildings on the Evanston campus and its night classes and laboratories on the new McKinlock campus in Chicago.

President Walter Dill Scott of Northwestern admitted that negotiations were under way.

"Everybody on both sides is agreeable," he said. "We are now on a working basis, but everything beyond that is tentative. If the plan is consummated it will be a great forward stop in the development of Chicago and of the university."

Dr. Howard Raymond, President of Armour Institute, admitted that he had heard rumours of the consolidation.

Armour Institute of Technology was founded by Phillip D. Armour, who contributed an endowment of more than $2,650,000. Since his death J. Ogden Armour has contributed several millions more, and has been active as President of the board.

A bungalow fire at Canarsie Landing shortly before midnight destroyed three in a row of five bungalows and made fifteen people homeless, two of whom barely escaped with their lives.

Orion Bogart and his wife, Anna, in whose home the fire was started by the explosion of a lamp, owe their lives to the speed and strength of Recount, the police horse ridden by Patrolman John Leonard. Leonard saw the flames when he was half a mile away. He galloped to the bungalows, arriving before the firemen. Jumping down, he tried the door of the Bogart home, which was nearly enveloped in flames. He could not open it. Quickly he turned Recount until the horse's hips were against the door.

"Back," he ordered, and Recount crashed through the door.

Leonard leaped inside and found the Bogarts just waking up and choking in the smoke. He seized and hurried them out to safety. Then the policeman awakened George Hoffman, his wife, and nine children in the next bungalow and got them out. From the third bungalow Conrad Smith and James McGreery were rescued by firemen who arrived under Battalion Chief Michael Shanahan from a grass fire a mile away in the Canarsie marshes, where they had been engaged since early in the evening.

Wilton Lloyd of 10,702 120th Street, Richmond Hill, motorman of the B. M. T. train which crashed into the rear of another train at the oxford road station, Woodhaven, on Saturday, was arraigned yesterday in the Jamaica Police Court on a technical charge of assault. Lloyd pleaded not guilty and was held in $1,000 for a hearing today.

Assistant District Attorney David Wolff of Queens said that his office had nearly completed an investigation into the wreck in which engineers for the Transit Commission had taken part. It is understood that the engineers made a special examination of the brakes of Lloyd's train yesterday.

DETROIT, Dec. 13 (AP).—Henry Ford's first large venture in his already announced campaign to teach the American public the old-fashioned square dances will be on Tuesday night at one of the largest dance halls in Detroit. For this occasion Mr. Ford is advertising for couples to dance the square dance and to form a nucleus for the party.

Asked tonight whether he really thought the old-fashioned steps would come back, Mr. Ford exclaimed:

"Come back? They're here! We simply are falling back in line. What we are trying to do in getting out a book of dances is to standardize them. The first edition is being revised in the direction of simplicity."

From the twenty-one quadrilles, Mr. Ford explained, four will be selected to simplify their teaching and encourage their popularity.

"Mellie" Dunham, the champion fiddler of Maine, who has been the guest of Mr. Ford for a week, playing for an old-fashioned dance party and contributing several old-time tunes for the Ford "Americana" of such pieces now being prepared for publication, was to have appeared at the Tuesday night affair. But plans were changed and "Grandpa Mellie," with his wife, is on his way tonight to New York, where he may heed the call of the footlights and accept a vaudeville contract.

"Mellie" Dunham will arrive in New York this morning. It was reported last night that he will be under the management of Tex Rickard, who is said to plan a barn dance in his honor at the new Madison Square Garden. It was added that in putting on this dance it was hoped to further Henry Ford's purpose in making square dances again popular.

PARIS, Dec. 13.—A declaration made by Tewfik Rushdi Bey, Turkish Foreign Minister and head delegate to the League of Nations, this afternoon at the Turkish Embassy in Paris, revealed the fact that he is in a surprisingly conciliatory mood and that he will return to Geneva tonight after a trip which he described as a "leave of absence."

Inasmuch as one of the most important officials of the French Foreign Office visited the Turkish Embassy at noon, it may be assumed that Premier Briand's views have had a great deal to do with the change in the Turkish attitude, although the Premier himself is in the country for the customary long week-end necessitated by his physical condition.

"I have resolved to exceed my powers in order to prevent any conflict," Tewfik Rushdi Bey declared, "and if the Council of the League of Nations adheres to my views I am sure to get them accepted by the Turkish Government and the Angora Parliament.

"I am a practical and willing man and all this talk about definitions, 'arbitration' and 'conciliation' is mere theory.

"I favor an intermediary plan of settlement which has many supporters—sharing the disputed territory with Iraq. But my plans are completed as follows:

"To compensate for the cession of the population of the Mosul region that England agree to economic—commercial and customs—conventions which will define the relations between the zones.

"Furthermore, in order to prevent future disturbances I ask England to consent to demilitarize the territory given to Iraq, in return for which we are to demilitarize that part of the Mosul region remaining in our sovereignty.

"I have thus gone to the utmost limit in concessions.

"I may add that if the French Government believes it can become a party in securing the pact we want to make with Britain, we will be very glad and will welcome it. We will not accept the suggestions of General Laidoner's Mosul Boundary Commission that if England does not promise to extend the treaty with Iraq for twenty-five years, the whole area should become Turkish, as we do not want our legitimate rights to hinge on any such contingencies."

Paris political and diplomatic circles tonight are of the opinion that the sudden change in the attitude and tactics of Tawfik Rushdi Bey will materially alter the entire aspect of the Mosul problem in Geneva and prevent the outbreak of a new war in the Near East.

It is thought here that the British will not fail to accept some such solution of the problem.

GENEVA, Dec. 13 (AP).—The Mosul dispute, in which Great Britain and Turkey are at odds, was considered again in a secret session of the Council of the League of Nations today. The League members announce they will persistently continue their efforts for mediation until the last moment.

The indications are that the Council will be forced next week to deliver its arbitral sentence.

It is learned that several members of the Council are attaching importance to Article XXII of the covenant, which favors entrusting detached and backward territories to advanced nations in the form of a mandate.

It declares also that former Turkish territories should be handed over to a mandatory power until able to stand alone, and it emphasizes that the wishes of a community must be the principal consideration in the selection fo the mandatory power.

ST. PAUL, Minn., Dec 13 (AP).—A suit for $1,000,000 which has been pending in New York courts for four years against Louis W. Hill, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Great Northern Railway, filed by the "allied heirs" of James J. Hill and Mrs. Hill, was dropped last week.

This was learned here today when word was received that former Governor Nathan L. Miller of New York, counsel for the heirs, had requested dismissal of the suit. The request was granted. The matter had been scheduled to come up in court again at the January term.

The controversy was over the custody of the famous Hill farm, North Oaks, located near St. Paul, and the ownership of $750,000 in bonds. The farm and bonds were deeded to Louis W. Hill by his mother, Mrs. James J. Hill, widow of the "empire builder," shortly before she died.

After Mrs. Hill's death seven of the Hill children banded together as the "allied heirs" and sued Louis W. Hill in New York to gain a division of this property.

Recent depositions by intimates of the widow attesting to her despise that the farm and bonds to the property of Louis W. Hill are said to have led to the abandonment of the litigation.

Former Governor Nathan L. Miller refused last night to discuss the reason why he, as counsel for the "allied heirs" of James J. Hill, had caused the dismissal in Federal court of their $1,000,000 suit against their brother, Louis W. Hill, over property left him by his mother, The Associated Press announced.

"It was a voluntary discontinuance of the case," he said. "That was all there was to it."

BEFORD, Dec. 13.—Superintendent Amos T. Baker of the State Reformatory for Women in Bedford announced today that Dr. Marion Frisbie has been appointed chief physician of the institution to succeed Dr. Alberta Greene, resigned. Dr. Frisbie comes from Norristown, Pa. The salary of the office is $2,200 a year, but in addition the doctor is allowed maintenance by the State.

A forty-four-year-old Staten Island woman, who has borne fourteen children, nine of whom are living, attempted suicide by gas last night because of the inability of her husband to supply enough money to make the struggle for existence bearable. The quick work of a patrolman probably saved her life, but after she had been revived she said she would make another attempt to take her life.

The woman was Mrs. Ida Baldwin of 45 Canal Street, Stapleton. Her husband, Robert, is a longshoreman, but has worked infrequently in the past few years. Mrs. Baldwin quarreled with her husband during the afternoon and he left. Then, according to the woman, overcome with despondency, she turned on the gas jet in her bedroom after having closed the windows and the door.

Her nine children, the youngest of whom is 2 years old and the oldest is 14, were playing in an apartment below. When the eldest child, Ida, came into her own apartment and smelled the gas, she became frightened and ran to a police booth around the corner and told Patrolman Abraham Johnson.

The patrolman ran back to the house, burst into the room and throwing open the windows, used first aid methods on the unconscious woman. When Dr. A. R. Solidini of 342 Van Duzer Street arrived the woman was out of danger. The doctor said that the patrolman's swift work had saved the woman's life.

Mrs. Baldwin told her troubles to the doctor and the patrolman, who suggested that she go to a hospital. She insisted on remaining at home, and as the pair left she made the remark about another attempt at death.

Ill health caused David Greenfield, 50 years old, an engraver, to end his life in the morning by inhaling gas through a tube attached to a chandelier in the kitchen of his home at 9,418 121st Street, Richmond Hill, Queens.

Gas escaping from a heater accidentally killed Edward Johnson, 55 years old, in a furnished room at 163 East 104th Street. Thomas Hollinger, 45 years old, was also accidentally killed by gas in his room at 2,943 Richmond Terrace, Mariners Harbor, S. I.

A disagreement with his wife, according to his twelve-year-old son, Max, caused Abraham Cohen, 40 years old, to swallow poison at his home at 25 Suffolk Street. Cohen died several hours later in Gouverneur Hospital. The son said his father had been separated form his mother for several weeks.

Suffering from acute alcohol poisoning, Marie Florio, 12 years old, of 304 East 123d Street, was found unconscious last night in a hallway at 2,409 Second Avenue by Patrolman Keril of the East 126th Street Station, who had been notified by a tenant. The girl was taken to Harlem Hospital in a critical condition.

Investigation revealed that the child lives with her mother, Mrs. Marie Dempsey, and her stepfather at the 123d Street address. Inquiries failed to disclose the source of the alcohol.

with the flags of the other nations which took part in the Locarno treaties. These were Belgium, Great Britain, France, Italy, Poland and Czechoslovakia.

A uniformed color guard carried the flag of each nation except those of Germany and Czechoslovakia which were borne by civilians. The British flag was topped with a knot of crêpe for the late Queen Mother.

The scarlet divinity hoods of the clergy, the uniforms of the officers and the furled flags gave a dash of color to the dim vaulted cathedral, which was heightened by the massed black and white of the congregation. President Butler wore his Louvain collar in recognition of the fact that the fund of the restoration of the Louvain library had been completed. The cathedral clergy were vested. A brilliant figure in blue and white was the Most Rev. Archbishop Alexander of the Greek Orthodox Church, who was accompanied by Father David Saul, priest of the Assyrian Church of Irak. The Russian Orthodox Church was represented by the Right Rev. Archimandrite Benjamin, who appeared for Metropolitan Platon.

Led by a crucifer and the white surpliced choir, the procession moved through the south ambulatory, down the south aisle and up the centre aisle to the choir and crossing, wheer they took seats in designated places.

Bishop Manning, who delivered the address of welcome, read the following letter from President Coolidge: The White House, Washington, Dec. 8, 1925 My Dear Bishop Manning:

I have your invitation to attend the "services of thanksgiving for the signing of the Treaty of Locarno and in the interest of international peace," to be held in the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York on Sunday, Dec. 13.

I regret that pressure of public business will prevent my acceptance. All gatherings intended to further international understanding are to be commended. Most sincerely yours, CALVIN COOLIDGE The Right Rev. William T. Manning, Bishop of New York, Synod House, Amsterdam Avenue and 110th Street, New York City.

Bishop Manning's address follows:

"Four years ago we offered up our thanksgiving in this Cathedral for the calling of the Washington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments, and for the leading part in it taken by our own land.

"That conference has had results more far-reaching than any of us yet realize. And today this great and notable assembly, including representatives of our own Government and of the Governments of many other nations, and of every element in our national life, civic and religious, is gathered here to celebrate another major event on the road to international peace, the historic conference of Locarno.

"That conference was a triumph of the spirit of brotherliness and good-will over the spirit of distrust and fear and hatred. It marks the highest step yet reached in the bringing-in of peace and fellowship among the nations. Greater far than its specific agreements is the moral effect of that conference on Europe and upon the world. It is no overstatement to say that it marks an epoch in the world's spiritual history.

"It has produced a new atmosphere of faith and hope and courage in which the followers of the God of Peace shall go forward to still further victories over the god of war.

"Everywhere men are recognizing that advances previously regarded as almost impossible can be made in that spirit which we hail as the spirit of Locarno.

"Along the world's highway where the forces of war and destruction have so long marched we hear now the victorious tread of the armies of peace. It is a most moving and significant thing that up this cathedral aisle are carried today the flags of the seven nations who have signed the Locarno agreements.

"We rejoice and give thanks with all our hearts for Locarno, but in our thanksgiving there must be the note of regret that our own country was not there present.

"As we give thanks today let us make it our prayer and our indomitable purpose that America shall now move forward to take her share in this great work for the world and that without delay we shall follow the lead of our President and have our part in the establishment of the World Court.

"Partisan politics have no place in the consideration of this question. It is a question of the highest moral and spiritual import upon which the churches must be in the lead. It is peculiarly fitting that we should express ourselves upon it here in this great temple of the Prince of Peace at this time when the Christmas message of peace on earth and good-will to men is stirring in all our hearts.

"Our country has been foremost in declaring its belief in the principle of arbitration. It is high time now for us to move.

"From this great representative gathering we send to the Senate of the United States the message that a small group of irreconcilables shall not be allowed to hold back America from the service that she owes to the world, that the judgment and conscience of our people are with our President in this matter and that our participation with the forty-eight other nations in the World Court must be no longer delayed."

Dr. Butler, who was next on the program, spoke as follows:

"The public opinion of the world has come a long way in the two years last past. The lessons of the great war have finally been learned, and at Locarno those lessons have been written in the international law of mankind. The agreements at Locarno, now made treaties, differ from so many of their predecessors in that they represent by far the major part of the public opinion of the nations signatory thereto. They are agreements and treaties not alone between Government but between peoples.

"They are the most important happenings in the public life of man since the Treaty of Westphalia nearly 300 years ago. That treaty brought to an end religious war and legalized religious persecution, established freedom of thought and freedom of worship, and set the nations of modern EUrope on their feet, each to go its way, in the long process of nation building. They have conflicts and wars without number, culminating in the great war, the greatest that humanity has ever recorded, and, please God, the greatest that history will ever record.

"It is seventeen years almost to the day since the Czar of Russia, for whom a tragic and cruel fate was all unknown waiting in the distance, summoned the nations of the world to conference at The Hague to consider the questions growing out of competitive armament, out of new and strange and cruel instruments of destruction, out of the lack of necessary machinery for the establishment of arbitration and judicial process among the nations.

"From that day to this the great argument has gone forward, and finally it has come to this:

"The nations of the world, particularly the nations of old Europe, ask for security, then for judicial process, and then for disarmament. They have at Locarno taken the longest step forward that can possibly be conceived toward the establishment and protection of security and toward the introduction of judicial process as an alternative to armed force.

"What of the Government and the people of the United States?

"There are two memories which crowd in upon me at this hour. During the Summer of 1910 I was privileged to sit under the roof of one of the historic buildings at The Hague. It was fitted up as any courtroom might be. Precisely at 10 o'clock the Crier with his familiar 'Oyez, Oyez' announced the coming of the court. Counsel and the small company of auditors rose while five Judges entered, as they may be seen to do any day in an American courthouse. One was an Austrian, one a Hollander, one an Argentinian, one a Canadian and one an American. The presiding Judge, without further formality, bowed to counsel on the left with the simple formula, 'Counsel may proceed.' Sir William Robson, Attorney General of England, who was surrounded by his juniors, arose in his place and continued his argument in the Newfoundland fisheries case, which involved a century-old dispute between Great Britain and the United States.

"A few days after Elihu Root, chief counsel for the United States, presented his argument in similar fashion to the Court. Here, it seemed to me, was one of the most notable scenes in modern history. Two great Governments which for a full hundred years had been in conflict over a question which, however trivial in fact, seemed of great importance to those who were directly affected by it, had agreed to submit their case to arbitrament by a court. Nothing was heard of reservations as to matters of national interest or national honor, but the facts and the law were stated and left to tell their own story. In due time the Court rendered its decision and the Newfoundland fisheries case passed forever from the list of those causes which might excite ill feeling, international friction and possibly even lead to international war.

"A few years later, in the summer of 1923, it was again my good fortune to be at The Hague and to sit in the courtroom of the Peace Palace, built by the generous gift of Andrew Carnegie. The courtroom was crowded, for a principle of large importance was to be decided by the Permanent Court of International Justice. Slowly and with great dignity the Judges filled to their places, among them Judges representing the citizenship of Holland, of France, of England, of Spain, of Cuba, of Japan, of Great Britain and of the United States.

"The presiding Judge began to read his opinion precisely as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States may often be heard to do at Washington. Diplomats and students of international law hung on the words of the Court, for an important principle was being decided in a case that involved Finland and Russia. In substance, the Court declined to give an opinion when one of the parties litigant had refused to appear and make an argument. It was then settled that a sovereign State could not be haled into the Court without its consent or against its will.

"What is there in these two incidents to stir alarm in the most timorous American breast? What is there here to frighten any man or any nation whose cause is just and reasonable and who does not either seek a quarrel or show willingness to drift into one?

"Why should this great congregation be assembled today, and why should 10,000 other meetings be going forward in all parts of the United States to urge that our Government shall associate itself with the Permanent Court of International Justice and with the principles for which it stands? Was not the suggestion itself of American origin? Did not the American delegation at the first Hague Peace Conference in 1899 save that conference from rack and ruin by proposing and securing the adoption of a Permanent Court of International Arbitration? Di not the American Secretary of State instruct the American delegation to the second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 to do all possible to transform the Permanent Court of International Arbitration into a Permanent Court of International Justice? Was not this done by the second Hague Peace Conference in respect to everything except the mode of selecting the Judges, and had not that one remaining question been almost solved by diplomatic negotiations between nine powers before the outbreak of the great war? Why, then, should we still be urging the Senate of the United States, supposedly a body representative of American public opinion to take a step to which both great political parties are formally committed with the approval of nine-tenths of the people of the United States in its every part? This is the declaration which the National Convention of the Republican Party adopted at Cleveland in 1924:

"'The Republican Party reaffirms its stand for agreement among the nations to prevent war and observe peace. As an immediate step in this direction, we endorse the Permanent Court of International Justice and favor the adherence of the United States to this tribunal as recommended by President Coolidge.'

"This is the declaration which the National Convention of the Democratic Party adopted at New York in 1924:

"'It is of supreme importance to civilization and to mankind that America by placed and kept on the right side of the greatest moral question of all time, and therefore the Democratic Party renews its declaration of the confidence in the ideal of world peace, the League of Nations and the World Court of Justice as together constituting the supreme effort of statesmanship and religious conviction of our time to organize the world for peace.'

"What then is the dissent and who are the dissenters? We are told that they are the irreconcilables. Irreconcilable to what? Surely, it cannot be to established American policy, to American good faith, to American honor and to American interest. Such objections as have been urged do not rise to the height of rational argument. If the other great nations wish to choose their share of the Court's membership through the agency of the League of Nations, to which we do not belong, certainly that need to be no concern of ours. The Court is quite as independent of the League of Nations as our own Supreme Court is independent of the President.

"The simple fact is that a very small group of the officeholding class, placed by accident and legislative seniority in a position where custom permits them to play a very large part in the disposition of such questions, are defying the will and betraying the interests of the American people. They are doing all in their power to make sure that we do not regain any part of that moral leadership in the modern world which we won and held from McKinley to Wilson, and which we then let slip through our fingers. It is possible that public opinion is powerless in the United States when an international policy involving a great moral question is at stake? Is a small group of officeholders to be permitted indefinitely to defy public opinion and to hide itself behind the rules and conventions and courtesies of a legislative body which the people have elected to do their will?

"When Cicero arose in teh Roman Senate to expose the conspiracy of Catiline, these are the words with which his immortal oration opened: 'How much further, Cataline, will you carry your abuse of our forbearance? How much longer will your reckless temper baffle our restraint? What bounds will you set to this display of your uncontrolled audacity?'

"The time has come for the Government at Washington to produce a Cicero."

Former Ambassador Davis, who followed, said that the reason why the thanksgiving celebration was being held was that it seemed to be evident beyond peradventure that the pendulum has definitely swung in the direction of reason and not of force.

"All honor to the statesmen who brought about that result," he said.

"All glory to the nations who participated in it, and may there not be an opportunity for America and for Americans to do something more than extend a mere message of congratulation and felicitation at this result? Is there not a great national gesture, if it were nothing more, that America can make at this moment to show that the words she uttered are words that come from the heart and from the rason alike?

"I join Bishop Manning and President Butler in felicitating the American people upon the opportunity that awaits them near at hand and in rejoicing that behind the leadership of the President of the United States on this great question there is no party or sectional division at this hour, and whether Democrats or Republicans, North or South, East or West, we follow his leadership in demanding the prompt adhesion of America to the protocol of the World Court."

Sir Harry Gloster Armstrong, British Consul General, representing Sir. Esme Howard, the British Ambassador.

Adre Brouzet, Acting Consul General of France, representing Emile Daeschner, French Ambassador.

J. T. Johnston Mall, Belgian Consul in New York, representing Baron de Cartier, Belgian Ambassador.

Dr. Karl von Lewinski, German Consul General, representing the German Ambassador, Baron van Maltzan.

Emilio Exerio, Royal Consul General of Italy, representing Giacomo de Martino, Ambassador from Italy.

Dr. Jaroslav Novak, Consul General of the Czechslovak Republic, representing Zdenek Flerlinger, Minister from Czecheslovakia.

Dr. Sylvester Gruszka, Acting Consul General, representing J. Ciechanowski, Minister from Poland.

Other Powers represented were as follows:

Felipe Taboada, Consul General of Cuba; Dr. Charles Winter, Royal Hungarian Consul General; Rafael Diaz, Consul General of the Dominican Republic; Arthur B. Luis, Consul of the Republic of Latvia; Neal Dow Becker, Consul General of Bulgaria; Dr. Freidrich Fischerauer, Consul General of Austria; T. Tileston Wells, Consul General of Rumania; Ziang-Ling Chang, Chinese Consul General; Louis H. Junrod, Consul of Switzerland; Edouardo Higginson, Consul General of Peru; M. Macheras, Consul General of Greece; Michael Hellinckx, Consul of Luxembourg; Charles W. Atwater, Consul for Siam; G. R. de Yeaza, Consul General of Ecuador; J. J. Bielskis, Consul of Lithuania, and Frederic Hudd, Canadian Trade Commissioner.

The officers of the diocese who were in the procession were Treasurer R. M. Pott, Secretary, the Rev. Charles K. Gilbert and Chancellor George Zabriskie. The cathedral clergy included Dean Howard C. Robbins, Canons Robert Ellis Jones and George F. Nelson and the Rev. John Mark Ericsson. Bishop Manning had the place of honor at the end of the procession.

Other Protestant denominations were represented in the procession by the following:

The Rev. Dr. Howard Duffield, Presbyterian; the Rev. Dr. Walter Laidlaw, non-parochial; the Rev. Dr. Frank Mason North, Methodist; the Rev. Dr. John L. Davis, Methodist; the Rev. Pastor R. Anderson, Danish Lutheran; the Rev. Dr. A. H. Evans, Presbyterian; the Rev. Dr. Anson P. Afterbury, non-parochial; the Rev. Dr. Samuel Trexier, Evangelical Lutheran Synod of New York; the Rev. Dr. J. R. Duryee, Dutch Reformed; the Rev. Dr. Arthur Judson Brown, Presbyterian; the Rev. Dr. Raymond C. Knox, representative of Columbia University; the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, Church Peace Union; the Rev. Dr. Williams I. Haven, Bible Society; the Rev. Dr. Thomas Burgess, Secretary, Foreign-Born Americans Division, National Council, Protestant Episcopal Church; the Rev. Dr. Stanley White, Presbyterian.

Others present were:

Mrs. Mark K. Simkhovich, Chairman of the New York Council for International Cooperation to Prevent War, under whose auspices the service was held; Mr. and Mrs. Alton B. Parker, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Lamont, Mr. and Mrs. Norman H. Davis, H. Kashiwagi, Attorney General Albert Ottinger, Justice John Procter Clarke of the Appellate Division, Supreme Court Justices Aaron J. Levy, T. C. T. Crain and Louis D. Gibbs, Major Gen. Robert Lee Bullard, Colonel George W. Burleigh, Chairman of the Welcoming Committee; the Rev. Thomas Burgess of the National Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Rev. Caleb R. Stetson, rector of the Trinity Church; Mrs. Robert Bacon, John Fraser Munro, representing the St. Andrew's society; Brig. Gen. William M. Cruikshank and John Marsh, N. Y. County Commander American Legion. The service was broadcast by the municipal radio broadcasting station, WNYC. OOK about you on the "Avenue" and notice how many of the town's prominent folk have awarded their favor to the new type of Knox derby hat. In two weights and with that wider and more becoming brim that is confirmed in its style correctness by the label of knox.

The first newspaper to print cross word puzzles was The Sunday World.

So World readers were having fun with them years before the craze broke out.

Someone decided the other day that they were "old stuff," but the first move to abolish them brought out a storm of "noes,"

So you can still be sure of them in The World—daily and Sunday—and be just as sure that the best Cross Word Puzzles printed are in

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