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has been overthrown. It is a splendid victory for the German people.

"Herr Ebert has been charged with the formation of a new Government in which all shades of the Social Democratic Party are to participate.

"Only decrees from the Government bearing the signature of Herr Ebert have validity. Only orders from the Minister for War bearing the counter signature of the Social Democrat acting as [his] assistant are official."

Deputy Scheidemann exhorted the crowd to keep calm and to avoid incidents.

Deputy von Tharr and some soldiers spoke from a motor lorry. A delegate from the Corps of Officers of the Guard Battalion announced that the officers were on the side of the people. Stormy applause and jubilation accompanied the speeches.

Vorwärts, the central organ of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, in an extra edition today published the following call for a general strike:

"The Workmen's and Soldiers' Council of Berlin has decided upon a general strike. All the factories are at a standstill.

The necessary administration of the people will be maintained. A large part of the garrison has been closed and bodies of troops and machine guns have been placed at the disposal of the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council.

The movement will be guided in common by the Social-Democratic Party of Germany and the independent Social-Democratic Party of Germany. The Workmen's and Soldiers' Council will take charge of the maintenance of quiet and order. Long live the social republic!

WORKMEN'S AND SOLDIERS' COUNCIL."

With regard to the incidents of Nov. 9 in Berlin, the semi-official Telegraph Bureau, working under the control of the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council, issues the following report:

"This morning at 9 o'clock the workmen of the greatest industrial undertakings commenced a general strike.

"Processions hastened from all the suburbs to the centre of the city. Red flags were carried at the head of the processions, in which marched armed soldiers and all classes.

"The first procession arrived from the Ackerstrasse and Brunnestrasse. As a preliminary the soldiers and officers were urged to remove their cockades and epaulets. In the majority of cases this took place voluntarily.

"There was a general fraternization of soldiers and workmen. The workmen penetrated the barracks, where they received an enthusiastic reception from the soldiers.

"The military occupants of factories mingled in common with the workers, left the works, and treated with them in common.

"So far as known the only clash between the masses and armed forces took place on the occupation of the so-called 'Cockchafer' barracks. In that was a guard of fusiliers, but only two officers fired. Three persons were killed and one was injured. This is to be regretted.

"The taking possession of a majority of the public buildings and establishments was completed without difficulty once it was clear that the military had gone over to the people."

BASLE, Nov. 10.—An official dispatch received by the Havas Agency from Berlin today says:

"Official. The revolution has resulted in a striking victory almost without the effusion of blood.

"A general strike was declared this morning. It brought a cessation of work in all workshops at about 10 o'clock.

"A regiment of Nurnberg Chasseurs passed over to the people. Other troops rapidly followed their action.

"The Alexander Regiment, after hearing a declaration by Deputy Wells, went over to the revolution."

AMSTERDAM, Nov. 10.—A Berlin dispatch received in Amsterdam says:

"The revolution here has been won brilliantly. There has been an almost entire absence of bloodshed. Striked have resulted in a complete cessation of work. Various regiments have gone over to the Soldiers' and Workmen's organizations in quick succession. Apart from some insignificant cases of shooting, there has been complete quiet.

"Order prevails and the military patrols already have been withdrawn. Great jubilation and enthusiasm reign throughout the city."

 

LONDON, Nov. 10, (Associated Press.)—According to dispatches from Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and other Continental cities, the revolution in Germany is extending rapidly, but in most places the desired effect is being achieved without violence or serious disorders.

In some States, notably in Anhalt, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Macklenburg-Schwerin, the princely houses are co-operating with the reforming parties in establishing a new order of things.

A Basle dispatch says that Hesse-Darmstadt has declared itself a republic.

Among the incidents of the revolution is the renunciation by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar and his family of the right of exemption from taxation. At Lübeck a lawyer was charged with treason because he acted without authority from the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council in liberating prisoners.

Reports received in Geneva describe the revolution as continuing quietly in the twelve principal towns and ports, which are now ruled by the Soviets, consisting of workmen, soldiers, and sailors. The red flag has been hoisted everywhere, even above the Cologne Cathedral.

Up to the present the most serious conflict has taken place in Kiel. The Soldiers' and Workmen's Councils in most of the large cities appear to be devoting their first efforts to organizing the food supplies, foreseeing that any lack of provision in this respect will prove a fruitful source of disorder.

Complaints have already been heard in Berlin that the press censorship is being exercised as arbitrarily by the new as by the old régime.

Among the latest towns to come under the control of the Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils are Aix-la-Chapelle, Cassel, Nuremberg, Mannheim, Gladbach, and Münster. A general strike has been proclaimed at Nuremberg and Mannheim.

Order has been restored at Hamburg, where the police have been permitted to resume their duties under the direction of the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council, and places of public amusement have been reopened.

At Cologne the whole garrison sided with the Workers' Council, whose program included, according to the Cologne Gazette, the abolition of all German dynasties, the annulment of war loans, with special consideration for the subscribers from the poorer classes, the liberation of all political prisoners, and the abolition of saluting.

The military and civil prisoners in Cologne are in the hands of the council, and already all the prisoners have been released. The majority and minority sections of the Socialists have been fused.

Essen, where the great Krupp steel works are situated, is reported to be in the hands of the revolutionaries, says a dispatch from Amsterdam to the Exchange Telegraph Company.

Lieutenant Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, the head of the Krupp Works, and his wife have been been arrested.

This news was brought from Essen by Dutch workmen arriving by special train at Zevenear on Saturday.

An Amsterdam dispatch of Friday's date says that the proclamation issued at Munich in behalf of the Council of Workers, Soldiers, and Peasants, which constituted itself into a Diet, announcing that a republic had been formed in Bavaria, declared that "the Democratic and Socialist Republic of Bavaria has the strength to realize a peace for Germany, preserving that country from the worst."

The proclamation, after promising a Constitutent Assembly to be elected by all adult men and women, says that Bavaria will make Germany ready for a League of Nations. It then continues:

"The present revolution is needed to complete the self-government of the people before enemy armies stream across our country or before troops, after the armistice, bring about chaos.

"The council will insure strict order. Soldiers in barracks will govern themselves by means of Soldiers' Councils. Officers acquiescing in the altered situation will not be hindered in their duties.

"We reckon on the co-operation of the entire population. All officials will remain at their posts.

"Fundamental social and political reforms will immediately be initiated."

A dispatch from Zurich says that the disorder has subsided in Munich, according to the latest reports. The whereabouts of the King is unknown. The casualties in the rioting are few, being confined for the most part of officers who resisted.

The Landtag has been dissolved. Only Socialists and Deputies are permitted to enter the building. Looters are being shot.

A dispatch to the Wolff Bureau from Munich says that order prevails in the Bavarian capital.

"Provisioning of the city," the dispatch adds, "is assured. Trains are running into the city. The administration has been recognized. Former Ministers have turned over their offices to their successors. The attitude of the middle classes has not yet been clearly defined. Efforts are being made to conciliate the peasants without the aid of whom the city is destined to famine.

"Kurt Eisner, chief manager of Vorwärts, is trying to get the peasant chiefs, Heim and Schlitterbauer to join the Ministry. The results of his overtures are not yet known, but the peasant leaders, Uschroeder and Gendefer, have accepted the Vice Presidency and Secretaryship of Parliament, respectively.

"A proclamation has been addressed to the peasants, urging them to support the Government by sending provisions. It promises elections by universal suffrage of both sexes. It says also that the Government is resolute in its intentions to defend the frontier, and that it will keep the army from breaking up, like the Austrian Army, and thus preserve the population from the pillaging from which Tyrol is suffering."

Leipsig, the largest city in Saxony; Stuttgart, the capital of Württemberg, the Cologne and Frankfort have joined the revolution, according to reports from the Danish frontier, telegraphed here by the Copenhagen correspondent of the Exchange Telegraph Company.

The Soldiers' Councils at Stuttgart, Cologne, and Frankfort have decided to proclaim a republic.

"A dispatch received in Amsterdam from Karlshure, the capital of Baden, says that Grand Duke Friedrich has issued a proclamation, declaring that the Landtag will be summoned Nov. 15 to change the constitution.

A Soldiers' and Workmen's Council has been established at Dusseldorf and has issued a proclamation that plunderers will be shot, and that no strikes will be permitted. The revolution there has passed without disturbance.

At Stuttgart the new Government has issued a proclamation to the people announcing the formation of a provisional republic. It declares that General Ebbinghausen and his staff have yielded control of the city to the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council, who first object was to summon a constituent national Parliament.

The populations in the South German States are delighted over the abdication of the Kaiser. There has been public rejoicing near the Swiss frontier and also in Alsace-Lorraine.

Schleswig-Holstein, the Prussian province which formerly belonged to Denmark, is to be proclaimed an independent republic, says an Exchange Telegraph dispatch from Copenhagen.

It is reported from Amsterdam that the Workmen's and Soldiers' Council in a proclamation to the people of Schleswig-Holstein says:

"A Provisional Provincial Government is being formed, which will cooperate with the existing authorities in establishing a new order. Our aim is a free social people's republic. The main task is to secure peace.

"Questions beyond the limit of the provincial administration still belong to the dominion of the State and Imperial Legislatures. We are willing to co-operate with the present officials so far as they submit to the new course. We are resolved to put down any resistance with the forces at our disposal."

Industrial districts have been established in the various cities under the same general plan.

An official dispatch (via Amsterdam) from Darmstadt, capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, announces that the Grand Duke of Hesse has decreed the formation of a Council of State to take over the business of the Government "until a final settlement of the questions arising from the present situation."

A Council of Workmen and Soldiers, says a Copenhagen dispatch, has been established at Chemnitz, Saxony, according to the Wolff News Agency. The council took charge of military and civil affairs. There were no disturbances. The council proclaimed that its aim was a socialistic republic for Germany.

The Rhenish Westphalian Gazette of Essen announces that Eutin, the capital of the Principality of Lübeck, is in the hands of the Soldiers' Council. Many persons, both civilians and military, have been shot.

Sonderburg, on the island of Alsen, Schleswig-Holstein, is in the hands of the revolutionists, and the red flag has been raised on ships there, says a Copenhagen dispatch dated Friday.

A train filled with soldiers has been sent out from Bremen for the purpose of persuading other towns to join the revolution, says a dispatch from the Danish frontier forwarded here by the correspondent at Copenhagen of the Exchange Telegraph Company.

The railway stations in all the industrial districts of Germany from Dortmund to Duisburg have been occupied by Soldiers' Councils, according to a dispatch received in Copenhagen from Essen. There were no disorders.

Copyright, 1918, by The New York Times Company.

Special Cable to.

COPENHAGEN, Nov. 8.—A special dispatch to the Berlingske Tidende from the Danish frontier says the Soldiers' Councils are masters everywhere in Schleswig-Holstein. Soldiers, who are told they can go where they want to, are not returning to the trenches. The rebellion has been comparatively quiet, except in Hamburg, where machine guns have been used in the streets.

A delegation of the Soldiers' Council at Kiel is traveling through the country north, disarming officers with the words, "We will not fight any more."

Nobody is now allowed ot pass the Danish frontier. Infantry and dragoons are on guard. A German General this morning tried to pass, but was kept back by German soldiers.

 

AMSTERDAM, Nov. 10.—From all parts of the Kaiserless Empire come reports of the astonishingly rapid spread of the Socialistic revolution. It is in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, that matters appear to have moved with the greatest speed. There a Socialist Government, with Herr Kurt Eisner, a well-known Socialist at its head, has been formed, a republic has been proclaimed and the garrison has placed itself under the orders of the new powers that be.

The movement was rapidly successful at Hanover, where all the trains bound for the front were stopped and the soldiers and their officers were disarmed. The movement completely conquered Oldenburg, and at Schwerin the Grand Duke received the members of the Soldiers' and Workers' Council, who informed him that the whole province of Mecklenburg has gone over to the Socialist revolution.

Throughout the Rhine industrial region the movement is now spreading like wildfire. From Essen and many other places many people in their alarm are trekking toward Holland. At the Krupp Works many thousands of foreign workers have been dismissed and thousands of others have stopped work. A council has also been formed there, and Socialist patrols are said to be surrounding the Krupp Works with a machine gun detachment.

At Crefeld a great Socialist meeting demanded that all munition factories immediately suspend work.

An astounding week in Germany is ending in a remarkable blaze of historic events. In seven short days the German people have effectively burst the fetters of the tyrannous, autocratic rule which had bound them for so many generations.

The Socialist revolution has swept with extraordinary success and remarkable rapidity through practically the whole country. That Germany which plunged Europe into war has, in short, been beaten far more thoroughly than even the most optimistic ever hoped would be the case. As this historic week ends it may be said to have been wiped out.

Kaiserism is dead. Today its great champion, Kaiser William II., abdicated, together with the Crown Prince. Prince Max of Baden will be Regent, and Herr Ebert will be the new Chancellor. An immediate general election will be held in order to bring together a national gathering to decide upon the future constitution of the country. There can be little doubt that a German republic will be called into existence.

The Socialist leader Sollman declared that a Soldiers' and Workers' Council had been formed and had established itself in the City Hall. He proclaimed the Council's demands to be as follows:

1. The immediate ending of the war.

2. A German Social Democratic Republic.

3. The release of all political and military prisoners.

4. The abolition of the military salute.

5. The army to be made a real people's army.

6. The abdication of the Hohenzollerns and all the German Princes.

Some speakers, amid a good deal of applause, advocated Bolshevist methods.

While the meeting was being held disorders took place in various parts of the city, especially in the markets, where a great deal of food was carried off by the crowds.

In the afternoon the whole garrison announced its adhesion to the movement.

During the afternoon strong measures were taken to restore order, and these were successful. The Law Courts were shut down. Deputations from other cities arrived in the course of the day and had a tremendous popular reception.

The city presents a curious aspect, lavishly decked as it is with red flags and streamers. Soldiers and civilians have their caps and hats decked with red. Wherever crowds gather together loud cheers are raised for a Socialist republic.

The Chief Burgomaster has announced his agreement with the Council's demands.

In Hamburg the movement is reported to have taken one peculiar feature, in that very considerable enmity is now being shown against the more moderate Socialist elements.

The Fed Flag, formerly the Hamburger Echo, organ of the Soldiers' and Workers' Council, prints an order issued by the Council warning people against adhering to what appears to be a countermovement by the Moderates. The Bourgeos press has been forbidden to print appeals from that quarter, which seems to consist mainly of trade union elements.

The Cologne Volks-Zeitung hints that it is probable that the extremists may be overcome by the older Socialist Party and by the trade unions, and the movement will have less revolutionary character.

In all other ports the movement continues in being.

Nov. 8.—Germany is in the throes of a revolutionary movement, which began early this week and which has spread and is still spreading with great rapidity, becoming more and more openly revolutionary in character. Both the Socialist parties have now been drawn into it. Berlin was quiet today, but action by the Socialists there is expected at any time.

A traveler arriving from Hamburg tells me that the movement there is frankly revolutionary. He heard the crowds cheering the Entente and President Wilson.

That the Socialist Majority Party has placed itself at the head of the German revolution is shown by a manifesto published this morning in Vorwärts. In the early hours this manifesto created a tremendous sensation throughout the capital, and the excitement is reported to have grown with every hour since. It is as follows:

"Workers and Party Comrades: Peace is assured. Within a few hours the armistice will begin, so let there be no thoughtless actions which may cause the bloodshed, now stopping at the front, to begin again at home. The Socialist Party is putting all its strength into the work of securing the speediest concession to its demands. To that end the executives of the Socialist Party and of the Reichstag faction of the Socialist Party have placed the following demands before the Imperial Chancellor:

"1. Permission to be given for holding those gatherings today which had been prohibited.

"2. Instructions to be given to the police and military authorities that they must exercise the greatest circumspection.

"3. Abdication of the Kaiser and the Crown Prince before midday of Friday.

"4. Strengthening of the Socialist influence in the Government.

"5. Reorganization of the Prussian Cabinet according to the policy of the Reichstag majority parties.

"If before Friday, Nov. 8, at noon, no satisfactory answer has been received the Socialist members of the Government will resign.

"Workers, wait for further announcement from us in the course of Friday afternoon."

The manifesto is signed by the executives of the Socialist Party and the Reichstag faction of the party.

I believe the Socialist terms were handed to the Chancellor yesterday afternoon about 4 o'clock, so that Prince Max had twenty hours in which to concede the demands.

At meetings all over the country resolutions have been passes demanding the Kaiser's abdication, and these resolutions have been pouring in upon the Government. Especially in South Germany has the demand for his going been of a particularly clamant nature, and press utterances on the matter became increasingly plain spoken. As far as can be gathered, a majority of the people favor a regency. But it cannot be denied that the demand for a republic is growing, especially since the ports burst into revolution. The Kaiserin is said to have been keenly in favor of abdication.

"Kiel is in the hands of German terrorists," says the Bremen Weser Zeitung, and the latest news showns that the statement is not exaggerated. A message dated yesterday says that the house of Captain Heine, Town Commandant, was entered at night by a naval patrol. The sailors demanded that the Captain should come with them. When he refused he was shot dead on the spot. The Soldiers' Council expressed regret for the incident, for which it disclaims responsibility.

The general strike which began Tuesday still continued yesterday. The patrols in the town have been strengthened and the red flag has been hoisted on the City Hall. Kiel is entirely cut off from the rest of Germany. The telegraph, telephone, and railway services of the town have been suspended. No letters are being delivered.

The Soldiers' Council issued another proclamation yesterday, reporting acceptance by State Secretary Haussmann, on behalf of the Government, of a large number of conditions. Some of them I have already reported, while others are that the fleet must not leave Kiel under any circumstances; that there must be complete freedom of speech; that the censorship of letters must be abolished, and that there shall be no more superior officers. There are several other terms by which apparently all power in Kiel passes into the hands of the Soldiers' Council.

Similar events have taken place at Hamburg, Lübeck, Flensburg, near Kiel, and Cuxhaven.

The trouble began on Tuesday in Hamburg with the arrival there of a torpedo boat, flying the red flag. Shortly afterward thousands of workers of numerous firms laid down their tools and began to demonstrate in the streets. At the stations they prevented the departure of soldiers whose leaves had expired, and many of these soldiers joined the demonstrators.

While this was going on a Soldiers' and Workers' Council was formed, patrols were placed on the streets, and guards put over the public buildings. Here and there fights took place, and altogether, it appears, about twelve people were killed and twenty wounded during the day.

In the afternoon all the ships in port were ordered to hoist the red flag, after which all the sailors left the ships. By this time the demonstrators numbered about 15,000, among them being a large number of women. Their next act was to disarm all the police and take possession of the barracks. At the infantry barracks there was a warm exchange of shots for a considerable time. Eventually the officers came out and surrendered the building.

In Altona, adjoining Hamburg, a Soldiers' Council also was formed, and the two councils entered into negotiations with the local military command, which, as at Kiel, agreed to the demonstrators' demands. The councils then took possession of the military command offices.

All military and naval prisoners in Hamburg and Altona have been set at liberty. The well-known Independent Socialist Deputy, William Dittman, is acting with the demonstrators there, while at Kiel Herr Noake placed himself at the head of the Soldiers' Council.

Nov. 7—(Midnight.)—News late tonight from Hamburg shows that Hamburg and its suburb, Altona, are completely in the hands of the revolutionaries. Military posts, with red flags, hold all the important points with machine guns and all the soldiers wear red bands on their arms. It is reckoned that there are 18,000 soldiers in Hamburg along, who placed themselves under orders of the Soldiers' Council.

So far the reports from Bremen are brief, but it is not thought that the revolutionaries there have the situation fully in their control. Matters did not move there until Tuesday. On that day a train brought 500 marine who were going to Wilhelmshaven to escord prisoners to a camp at Münster. They left the train at Bremen, however, and marched into the city in large numbers.

The people joined them on their march to the barracks where the guards were disarmed. While this was being done, another crowd marched to the City Hall, and there from a balcony speeches were delivered, the burden of which was a demand for a Socialist Republic. A Soldiers' and Workers' Council was then formed, and the commander of the garrison was told that this body was assuming entire control of the city.

Yet another crowd marched to the prison with the intention of releasing all military and civilian prisoners, but these had been set at libery before the revolutionaries arrived. Not many workers appear to have gone on strike, but discussions are reported to be proceeding between employers and workmen in Bremen.

Liebknecht is directing matters and the whole Independent Socialist Party appears to have linked itself up definitely with the movement. In the evening the revolutionaries had the city bells rung in token of the dawn of the new freedom.

Small demonstrations are just reported from the northern districts of Berlin.

 

AN ATLANTIC PORT, Nov. 10.—Four hundred passengers arrived today from Northern Europe on the Norwegian-American liner Bergensfjord and were permitted to land without being held up in Quarantine twenty-four hours by the immigration authorites and the Customs Intelligence Department, as has been done since the United States entered the war.

The Rev. George Simons, Superintendent and Treasurer of the American Methodist Episcopal Church in Russia and pastor of the American M.E. Church in Petrograd, where he has resided for eleven years, was one of the passengers. He was accompanied by his sister, Miss Ottilia Simons. In speaking of conditions in Russia the Rev. Mr. Simons said that if the threatened massacre of the people by th eBolshevists took place in Russia today, it would be followed by the greatest pogrom the world has ever seen.

"Persons are shot down by the Bolshevist guards without any pretext or warning," he said, "and a state of terrorism exists where the Bolshevists are in control. Guards enter private houses at night and terrorize the inmates with forged papers supposed to be orders for their arrest and ransack the rooms for valuables and shoot down any one who ventures to oppose them.

"For a time the Bolshevists were friendly to me in Petrograd and my house was not molested. Then there came a change, and agents came at 2:30 in the morning and offered a bribe of 5,000 rubles to a private policeman, who slept in front of the door, to let them in. They said that they wanted to go in and massacre the people inside and loot the premises. He was faithful to me and declined to accept the bribe, which was afterward set as a price on my head by the Bolshevist heads in Petrograd."

Two other passengers on the Bergensfjord from Russia, who went through some thrilling experiences were George B. Francke, a russian banker, and his wife, who was imprisoned for twenty-two months before she managed to escape as a Red Cross nurse. Mr. Francke said that the Bolsheviki were looking for him because he was suspected of aiding his wife to escape, and he only got away through the aid of friends by joining the Red Guards. Other passengers who arrived yesterday were Major Malcolm McB Bell-Irving of Vancouver, B.C., who served in France with the Royal Air Force until he was severely wounded, losing a leg, and Colonel P. Flaschl of Sydney, New South Wales, who is one of 7,000 Australians remaining of the original force of 26,000 who volunteered in 1914.

 

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.—Offices are now open in fourteen large cities of the United States to receive the applications of disabled soldiers and sailors for free education to equip them for the vocation for which they are most fitted. These offices have been established by the Federal Board of Vocations in Washington, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Atlanta, New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Dallas, Denver, Chicago, Minnesota, San Francisco and Seattle.

While he is receiving re-education the Government will pay the disabled man $65 a month, and in addition will provide him with the funds necessary to pay educational fees. Each man accepted for re-education will be sent to an institution giving special courses in the line he has chosen or he will receive instruction in any industry he wishes to learn. During his training period allowances will be made by the Government to his dependents, such as wife, children and mother. These will be fixed in proportion to the amount they received while he was in active service.

When the disabled man has finished his training the Federal Board promises to have employment ready for him. After he has gone to work again his compensation from the War Risk Insurance Bureau begins and will continue unaffected by the amount of his earnings.

"The worst mistake a disabled man can made," says the Federal Board, "is to draft into a low grade, unskilled occupation. Without any training he must compete with the normal man in a line of work where brute strength and physical fitness alone count, and there can be doubt as to the outcome when work becomes slack. Every consideration requires that a disabled man should obtain permanent employemnt in the position for which he is best fitted or for which he can become best fitted. Otherwise his career will consist of alternate periods of more or less undesirable employment, idleness, trying to live on his pension and picking up an occupation. No self-respecting veteran of this great war can afford to be placed in this position. There is only one escape by which these men may make their future safe and that is, if training is necessary, to obtain it through the Federal Board for Vocational Education."

 

ITALIAN HEADQURARTERS, Nov. 10, (Associated Press.)—King Victor Emmanuel left Headquarters today for Trieste.

 

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