Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/940

ZULULAND. wayo was captured. The British restored Cetewayo to his rank in 1883 to end local difficulties with the native princes. The district south of the Tugela, however, Great Britain reserved for its own uses, and another part on the northeast was also set off, so that the King was limited to the middle portion of the land. Difficulties arose, and Cetewayo was deposed again before the close of 1883. He died the next year. His son, Dinizulu, headed a large party of Zulus, and aided by the Boers, who had received from him a strip of land in the west, he maintained a hostile role. The Boers established the ‘New Republic’ in the district, and extended their control to the Umlatusi and Saint Lucia Bay. In 1886 the Boers and British arrived at the terms of an understanding by which the New Republic was recognized. In return the Boers pledged themselves to vacate the rest of Zululand and renounce recognition of Dinizulu’s protectorate. The New Republic was annexed to the South African Republic in 1888, the remainder of Zululand having been declared a British Crown colony in 1887. In 1888 Dinizulu attempted an insurrection, but was taken prisoner, and exiled to Saint Helena. He was later, however, sent back to his country. After 1889 small districts in the north, including those of the chiefs Sambana and Umtegiza, were added to British Zululand. On December 30, 1897, the whole Province of Zululand, including Tongaland, was annexed to Natal. Consult: Haggard, Cetywayo and His White Neighbors (London, 1896) ; Jenkinson, Amazulu, the Zulus, Their Past History, Manners, Customs; and Language (London, 1882) ; Tyler, Forty Years in Zululand (Boston, 1891).  ZUMALA-CÁRREGUY,, (1789-1835). A Spanish Carlist leader. He was born at Ormaiztegui, in the Biscayan province of Guipuzcoa. He served against Napoleon, leaving the study of law at Pamplona to enter the army. He was loyal to Ferdinand VII., but in 1832, being suspected as a Carlist, was dismissed from the army. In October, 1833, he was called to lead the Carlist forces in the Basque Provinces. He was the ablest of the Carlist leaders, and won many successes against the Cristinos, displaying marked talents as a guerrilla leader, as well as fine capacity for leading large bodies of men. On June 15, 1835, while besieging Bilbao, he received a gun-shot wound and died ten days afterwards. With Zumala-Cárreguy’s death all hope of success for the Carlists was extinguished; and though the war dragged on for some years longer, the result was never doubtful. Consult Henningsen, Twelve Months’ Campaign with Zumala-Carreguy in Navarre and the Basque Provinces (London, 1836).  ZUMÁRRAGA,, (1468-1548). A Spanish prelate, first Bishop of Mexico, born in Durango (Biscay). He entered the Franciscan Order, was nominated Inquisitor of Biscay by Charles V., became a provincial of his Order, and went by royal appointment as bishop to Mexico in 1528. There he distinguished himself by his kindly treatment of the natives, his removal of various administrative abuses, and his foundation of religious and educational institutions. His religious zeal, however, caused the burning of many Aztec manuscripts. With the exception of one return to Spain (1532), when he was formally consecrated and obtained means from Charles V. to build his cathedral, he passed the remainder of his life in Mexico. Shortly before his death he was promoted to be archbishop. Many of the papers and translations left by Zumárraga were republished in the great Cartas de Indias (Madrid, 1877).  ZUMBUSCH,, (1830—). A German sculptor, born at Herzebrock, Westphalia. He studied at Munich and Rome. After his return from the latter city he won the competition for a monument to Maximilian II. of Bavaria (unveiled 1875). In 1873 he was called to Vienna as professor in the academy. His most important works are a statue of Count Rumford, Munich; a monument to Prince August of Prussia (Park of Bellevue Palace, Berlin); a monument to the Sager family (Munich); a soldiers’ monument (1877, Augsburg); the monuments to Beethoven (1880, Vienna), Maria Theresa (1889, ib.), and Field-Marshal Radetzky (1892, ib.); a statue of Emperor Francis Joseph (New University, Vienna); and a monument to Emperor William I. (1896, Wittekindsberg, Westphalia).  ZUMPANGO,. A town of the State of Mexico, on the banks of Zumpango Lake, 25 miles from the capital. In the foothills, near which it lies, are many interesting fossil remains. Municipal population, in 1895, 9090.  ZUMPE,, (1850-1903). A German composer, born at Taubenheim, Upper Lusatia. He studied music at Leipzig, then was a pupil of Wagner at Bayreuth, assisting in the preparation of the Nibelung scores, from 1873 to 1876, and afterwards was kapellmeister at theatres in Salzburg, Magdeburg, Frankfort, and Hamburg. In 1891 he was appointed kapellmeister at Stuttgart, where in 1893 he succeeded Faiszt as conductor of the Society for the Cultivation of Classical Church Music. In 1895 he was called to Munich to conduct the Philharmonic concerts, went as Court kapellmeister to Schwerin in 1897, and returned in the same capacity to Munich in 1901. His works include: the opera Anahra; the romantic comic opera Die verwunschene Prinzessin; the operettas Farinelli (1888), Karin (1888), and Polnische Wirthschaft (1891); and an overture to Wallensteins Tod.  ZUMPT,, (1815-77). A German classical philologist, born at Königsberg, nephew of the following. Educated at the University of Berlin, he spent his life in teaching at the Joachimsthal (1837-38), the Friedrich Werder (1838-51), and the Friedrich Wilhelm (1851-77), gymnasia of that city. His work dealt chiefly with Roman epigraphy. His publications include an edition of Rutilius Namatianus (1836-46); Honorum Gradus sub Imperatoribus Hadriano et Antonino Pio (1843); Ueber die Entstehung und historische Entwickelung des Kolonats (1843); an edition of the Monumentum Ancyranum (with Franz, 1845); Commentationes Epigraphicæ ad Antiquitates Romanas Pertinentes (2 vols., 1850-54); Studia Romana (1859); Das Kriminalrecht der römischen Republik (1865-69); De Monumento Ancyrano Supplendo (1869); and Der Kriminalprozess der römischen Republik (1871).  ZUMPT, (1792-1849). A German classical philologist, born in Berlin. After <section end="Zumpt, Karl Gottlob" />