Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/912

* ZHTJKOVSKY. 774 ZIEGLEB. lator, born in the Government of Tula. He took part in the campaign of 1812 and in 1826 was chosen as tutor for the Cesareviteh, afterwards Alexander II. From 1842 on Zliukovsky lived in Germany. Although some of his poetic efforts Diet with momentary success, notably the ballad Liudmilla, an imitation of Burger's Lenore, he is more especially esteemed as a translator of the English and German poets of the romantic school, which tlnough this medium first became known to his countrymen. Examples of his original poems, rendered into English verse, may be found in John Bowring's Sjiecimens of the Russian Poets (1821-23). ZIANI, ze-a'ne. A noble Venetian family, now extinct, which furnished many men of emi- nence to the Republic. Of these the most im- portant were two doges: Sebastiano (c.l 100-78). He attained distinction as ambassador to Con- stantinople. 'After adjusting the difficulties which had at that time risen between Manuel Comnenus and the Republic of Saint Mark, Ziani returned to Venice as successor of the murdered Vitale Michieli II. (1172). He was the first doge whose election was taken from the people and confided to the newly formed Great Council. It was in his time that the magnificent piazza and piazzetta of Saint IMark began to assume their present appearance. The most important political event of Ziani's brief reign was the final making of [jeace between the Emperor Fred- erick Barbarossa and Pope Alexander III. (q.v.). The latter having secretly taken refuge in Venice, the Re])ublic espoused his cause, destroyed the fleet of Barbai-ossa off the Istrian coast, and so paved the way for the celebrated reconciliation which took place in the Church of Saint Mark (July 25, 1177). Upon the retui-n of the victo- rious fleet from Istria, the Pope went out to the mouth of the lagoon to meet the Doge, and there, in gratitude for the victory, gave him a ring and instituted the ceremony of wedding the Adriatic, which should be ''subject to the rule of the Vene- tian Republic, as wife to husband." Thereafter the .symbolic ceremony of dropping a ring into the sea was observed annually with much splendor. Ziani abdicated in 1178 and re- tired to the Monastery of San Giorgio Mag- giore, where he soon died. Pietro, son of the preceding, assumed the ducal cap in 1205. in succession to Enrico Dandolo. He occupied him- self with the government and colonization of the troublesonu' isUind of Cyprus. Venice and Genoa first came to blows on that account, and the Genoese suffered defeat at sea. Ziani proposed the removal of the seat of the Republic to Con- stantinople, which had been captured by his predecessor. In 1229 the Doge abdicated, like his father, and likewise retired to San Giorgio Slag- giore. Consult the authorities referred to under Venice. ZICHY, ze'eh*, Eugene, Count (1837—). An Hungarian explorer, born at Mihiilyi. After studying in Germany and traveling there and in England, he gave his attention particularly to the canalization of the Hungarian lowlands and, as president of the Home Industry Associa- tion, was vci-y active in promoting the develop- ment of trade. In ISno-flO. accompanied by sev- eral scholars, lie visited the Caucasus ami Cen- tral A-iiii, ;ind in 1897-98 Siberia, China, Tibet, and Mongolia. He published Voyages au Caucase et en Asie centrale (1897), and the participants in his third expedition issued Drittc asiatisclie Forschungsreise des Grafen Eiigen Zichy (1900 et seq. ). ZICHY, Geza, Count (1849—). A distin- guished Himgarian pianist and composer, bom at Sztara. Although deprived of his right arm at the age of sixteen by an accident while hunt- ing, he nevertheless took up music as a profes- sion, chiefly under the guidance of Liszt, and as a virtuoso with the left hand created universal sensation on his appearance in Vienna, Buda- pest, and Paris. His compositions include the operas Alar and Meister Roland, choral works, studies and solo pieces for the left hand, and songs. -He is president of the National Con- servatory, and since 1891 has been intendant of the Royal Opera House and the National Theatre at Budapest. ZICHY, MiHAiY (1827—). An Hungarian painter, born at Zala, Soniogy County. First instructed by Marastoni at Budapest, he studied afterwards under Waldnuiller in Vienna, and in 1847 took up his abode in Saint Petersburg, where Tbeophile Gautier was impressed with his talent and drew attention to him in his Voyage en Russie. Appointed Russian Court painter in 1859, Zichy subsequently increased his reputa- tion by several effective canvases on a large scale. One of his best works is '"Empress Elizabeth of Austria at the Coffin of Francis Deflk," in the National Museum at Budapest, besides which may be mentioned: "Descent from the Cross," "The Witeliing Hour of Night," "The Triumph of Destruction," "The Siren's Song," "Efl'ects of Wine."' and his drawings illustrating events at the Russian Court. ZIDON. See Sidon. ZIEGEWBALG, tse'gen-b.'ilK, Bartholomaus (1683-1719). One of the first Protestant mis- sionaries in India. He was born in Pulsnitz, Lusatia, and studied theology at Halle. In re- sponse to an appeal of King Frederick IV. of Den- mark, who wished to establish a mission in India, Ziegenbalg set out in 1705 for the colony of Tranquebar. There, however, be met with such opposition on the part of the colonial authorities that it was with the greatest difliculty lie could carry on his work. He learned the Tamil lan- guage, wrote a grammar and two lexicons, and translated much of the Bible. Returning to Europe in 1714. ho obtained the protection of the English East India Company. He went hack to India in 1716, going first to IMadras and later to his former station of Tranquebar. There he died. He left a (irammatica DamuUca (1716), an Kxplicatio Doctrinw Chris(ia>i>r Dainitlice (1719), the liihlia DamuUca (completed 1723), and the postbumous (lenealogie der iitalahiirischen (Hitler (1868). Consult Germann, Xiegeiibalg nnd Flat sell <iu. Die drilndiiniisjahrc dcr tranke- harsehen Mission (ErIangen, 1808). ZIEGLER, tseg'ler, .Takob MKiriiioR (1801- 83). A Swiss cartographer, born in Winterthur. He studied mat hematics and natural sciences at Geneva and Paris. From 1S2S to lS3j he was teacher of miitheniatics in Winterthur, and in 1834 became inspector of forests, lie was known