Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/904

* ZEISBERGEB. 766 De Schweinitz, Life and Times of David Zeis- berger (1870). ZEISSBEKG, tsis'berK, Heinrich von ( 1839- 9Q). An Austrian historian, born in Vienna and educated at the university of that city. He was professor of history at Lemberg (1SG3-71), Inns- bruck (1871-72), and Vienna (1872-97). From 1891 to 1896 he was Director of the Institute for the Study of Austrian History, and in 1890 be- came Director of the Imperial Library. Among his numerous works were Die jmlnische Ge- schichtschreibung des Mittelalters (1873), Der osterreichischc Erbfolgestreit 1457-1438 (1879), Quellen zur Oenchiehte der Politilc Ocsterreichs (1882-90), Zur devtschen Kaiserjiolitik Oester- reichs, 1745 (1889), Belgien unter der General- statthalterschaft Erzherzog Karls (1893-94), Erzherzog Karl von Oesterreich (1896). ZEIST, zist. A tovn in the Province of Utrecht, Netherlands, 9% miles east of Utrecht (Map: Netherlands, D 2). It is the seat of an interesting Moravian community, established liere in 1746, which holds property in common and supports a school. Population, in 1899, 8717. ZEITBLOM, tsit'blOm, Baktiiolomaus (c. 1460-c. 1.517 ). A German painter, the chief mas- ter of the school of Ulm, where he is on official record from 1484 to 1517, and painted principally panels for carved altar-pieces. He was the pupil and son-in-law of Hans Schuelein. but seems to have developed under the influence of Schougauer. His principal works, distinguished by the clear- ness and vigor of their coloring, include the altar- pieces from the churches at Hansen (1488) and Heerberg (1497), both in the Collection of Wiirt- "temberg Antiquities at Stvittgart; four panels with "The Two Saint .Johns," the "Annunciation" and "Visitation," in tlie Royal Gallery, ib. ; the great altar-piece with "Scenes from the Passion" and the "History of Saint John the Baptist," in the theological seminary at Bhiulieuren ; four panels with the "Legend of Saint Valentine," in the Augsburg Gallery; an admirable "Pietil," in the Germanic Museum at Nuremberg; and the "Handkerchief of Saint Veronica," in the Berlin ^luseum, ZEITOTJN, zu-toon'. A town of Asiatic Tur- key, in the Vilayef, of Aleppo, in the eastern Taurus range, 20 miles northwest of IMarash (Map: Turkey in Asia, G 4). It is built in a deep gorge surrounded by inaccessible crags, and is inhabited almost exclusively by Ar- menian Christians, who have made the town famous for having maintained its practical in- dependences of Turkey up to rc'cent times. It was only in 1878 that the Turkish Government succeeded in investing the town and built a fort commanding the position. Even since that year there have been several revolts, the most notable being on the occasion of the Armenian massacres in 1895. when the intervention of the Powers secured honorable terms for the inhabi- tants. Popiilation, variously estimated at from 5000 to 17,000. ZEITZ, tsits. A town of the Province of Saxony, Prussia, 23 miles south-southwest of Leipzig, on the right bank of the White Elster (Map: Prussia, E 3). There are manufactures of cotton, machinery, perambulators, soap, ivoolens, sugar, bicycles, furniture, pianos, ZELLEB. hosiery, and gloves. In the neighborhood are extensive mineral-oil works. Population, in 1895, 24,834; in 1900, 27,389. ZELKOVA. See Planer Tree. ZELL, tsel, Matthaus (1477-1548). The first Protestant preacher of Strassburg. He was born in Kaisersberg, studied at Erfurt and Frei- burg, and became preacher at Strassburg in 1518. He supported the Reformation, and when for- bidden by the ecclesiastical authorities to oc- cupy the pulpit, preached in the street. Consult his biography by Erichsen (Strassburg, 1878). ZELLEK, tsel'ler, Eduakd (1814—). A Ger- man theologian and historian of philosophy, born at Kk'inbottwar, in Wiirttemberg. He studied theology at Tubingen and Berlin, and became pri- vat-docent at Tiibingen in 1840. His call to a theological chair at Bern in 1847 was the occa- sion of fierce controversy and opposition from the orthodox. In 1849 he accepted a chair at Marburg: in 1862 became professor of phi- losophy at Heidelberg, and in 1872 at Berlin. In 1894 he retired from active professional work and settled at Stuttgart. His principal work is Die Philosophic der Oriechen (1844-52). Parts of the work have appeared in a fifth edition: others in a fourtli ; the rest in a third (Eng. tr. of almost the whole work. London, 1881 et seq.). His other works are the notable book on the Acts of the Apostles (1854). Das theologische System Ziciiig- lis (1853), his essays (1865-84), his edition of the works of D. F. Strauss (1876-78), and Geschichte der deiilschen Philosophie seit Leib- viz (1872). His early philosophical works were dominated by the Hegelian spirit, but later he broke away and in 1862 demanded a return to Kant. As an historian of Greek philosophy he is unexcelled. ZELLER, zel'!.-ir', .Jiti,es Syxvain (1820- 1900). A French historian, born in Paris and educated at the University of Paris and in Ger- many. He taught history at Rennes, Bordeaux, and Strassburg, in 1854 was appointed ])rofessor of history at Aix. in 1858 in the Ecole Normalo at Paris, and shortly afterwards to a position in the Sorbonne. In 1SG3 he became Duruy's suc- cessor as professor of history in the Polytechnic School and in 1870 rector' of the Strassburg Academy. From 1876 to 1888 he was general superintendent of higher education- in France. He was a voluminous, but not a particularly ac- curate or well-balanced, historian. His puldi- cations include I hie de JJuiten (1849); Les empcrciirs roninins (1863) ; L'nii-etieiis siir I'his- toire (1865-69); Les iriliuvs et hs reioUitions en. Ilnlie (1873); and Hisloire de VAIlemagne (1872-91), his most important work. ZELLER. tsfil'ler, Karl (1842-98). An .us- trian com]ioser, horn at Sankt Peter in der Aw, Lower Austria, ami pu))il of Sechter in Vienna, where he also stuilied jurisprudence and. after being euiployeel in several courts of justice, was appointed eomieilnr in the Ministry of Public In- struction. His comic opera Joeonde (1876) and the operettas KapitMn Micol, Der Vogabiind, Der Vogel.ileUrr, and Der Ober.ileiger all met with signal success. Among numerous son^s and choruses may be noted "Das Kiilnische Nnrren- fest" and "Die Thoniasnacht," both for soli, male cluirus, and piannforte. .