Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/899

* ZAPOTLANEJO. 761 ZEA. ZAPOTLANEJO, sd-pOt'linu'iid. A town in the State of .laliseo, Mexico, 22 miles east of Guadalajara. Near the town oeeurrcd the battle on the bridge of Calderon, January 17, 1811, in which the Koyalist C'alleja inflicted u crushing defeat upon the revolutionary forces under Hi- dalgo (q.v.). Municijial population, in 18i)5, 20,270. ZABA, zii'ra (Slav. Zudar) . The capital of the Austrian Crownland of Dalmatia, on the coast of the Adriatic, 130 miles southeast of Tricst ( Map : Austria, U 4 ) . It is built in the form of an oval, on a narrow promontory, sepa- rated from the mainland by a moat, across which is a drawbridge. The ramparts afford a fine promenade to the inhabitants. There is a spa- cious and well-protected though somewhat shal- low harbor. The streets generally are narrow and ill paved, and the drainage defective: the town is not well supplied with water. Of its churches, the most noteworthy are its cathedral, founded by Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice, and the church of the patron saint, Simeon. There is a lofty marble column, which is all that is left standing of the ancient Roman temple. The commerce of late has shown considerable increase. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in fishing and in the coasting trade. The chief manufactures are rosoglio, maraschino, leather, silk, and linen fabrics. Population, in 1900. 32, .500, nearly all Italians. Zara is the ladera of the ancients. Tn (lie Jliddle Ages Venice and Hungary long contended for the possession of the town, which was a place of commercial impor- tance. In 1202 the Venetians, with the aid of the Crusaders, reduced it, hut they subsequently lost it. In 1400 they purchased it from Ladis- las. King of Naples, claimant of the crown of Hungary. It subsequently shared the fortunes of Dalmatia (q.v.). ZAKA. The heroine of Congreve's tragedy The Mourning Bride, from whose lines in the third act has been derived the proverbial warn- ing, "Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned." ZARAI'SHAN, za'raf-shlin'. A river of Russian Turkestan. See Zerafshan. ZAKAGOZA, tha'ra-g(ytha. A town of Spain. See Saeagcssa. ZAEATHUSTRA. See Zoroasteb. ZARLINO, zar-le'mi, Giuseppe (1.517-90). An Italian composer and musical theorist, born at Chioggia. In 1537 he became a member of the Franciscan Order, and in 1541 went to Venice in order to complete his studies with Willaert. He became maestro di cappella at Saint Mark's in 1565, and held the position until his death. His extant compositions number only 21. Among these are: Modiilntionrs (156(5) : three Lrctiones pro Morfuis (1563) ; and a mass. His theoreti- cal works are: Txititiaioni hnrmoniclw (1558). in which Zarlino recognizes the natural opposition of the major and minor triads, taken up later by Tartini, and more successfully by Hauptmami, and also gives clear and practical demonstrations of double counterpoint and canon, illustrated by a number of examples in notes; Dimostrnziotn Jinrtuoniche (1571); and Sopplimenti mxisicali (1588). ZAENCKE, tsarn'k-p, Friedrich (1825-91). A German philologist and historian of litera- ture. He was born at Zahrenstorf, in Meeklen- burgSchwerin, and was educated at thfc univer- sities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Rostock. In 1850 he founded at Leijizig the hitterarisches Central- hint I fiir Deutschland, in 1852 became privat- docnit at the university, and in 1858 was made full professor, llis contributions to the study of <'omparatie literature were of especial value, notably in the fields of saga and romance. Among the more important of his numerous publications are: Der deiitsche Cato (1852) ; Sebastian lirants Xarrensehilf (ed., 1854) ; Das Nibeliingenlied (ed., 1850) ; Mittelhoehdeutsches W'irterbiich, with W. Miiller (1863); Ueber den allUoeh- dcutschen (lesang vom heiUyen Georg (1874); Drr (Iraltempcl (1870) ; Der Priester Johannes (1876-79); and Christian Renter (1884). ZARZUELA, thiir'thoo-.a'la. In ■>pain. short two-act musical drama of a light order resembling our comic opera or operetta. It is interspersed with a great deal of spoken dialogue. The name is derived from the Spanish town of Zarzuela, where during the sevent/'cnlh century the first works of this kind were produced at the royal castle. ZASLAVL, zas-lav'ly'. An ancient town of 'olhynia. Southwestern Russia, about 80 miles west of Zhitomir. It has extensive sugar mills and paper mills. Population, in 1897. 12.088. ZASULICH, za-soo'lech, Vtera Ivaxovxa. A Russian revolutionist. Though only an ac- quaintance of one who was indirectly connected with the revolutionary plot of Neehayeff. she was placed under police surveillance and for several years was sent about from place to place in Eastern Russia. In 1876 she was freed from prison, but the flogging of the student Bogolyu- boff by order of General Trepoff, head of the secret police, whom the student refused to salute, aroused her. On February 5. 1878, she called at Trepoff's oflfice and shot him. but not fatally. At her trial on April 12th she claimed that her object was to call the Government's attention to the outrage. The jury, of which eight were governmental officials, two merchants, one a wealthy nobleman, and one a student, unani- mously acquitted her. The spectators, mostly of high social .standing, met the verdict with loud demonstrations of approval, and the press un- hesitatingly commended it. Yielding to public opinion, the Government removed Trepoff. pro- moting him to the post of general of cavalry. Four newspapers received warning, political of- fenses were almost entirely exempted from trial by jury, and on .lune 11th the Supreme Court of Revision canceled the acquittal on the ground of .some informality. Zasulich escaped abroad, and has since lived chiefly in Switzerland, taking an active part in the Russian vevolutionarv propaganda by many articles contributed to the Russian free press as well as to periodicals in Western Europe. ZDONSKAWOLA, zdoSn'y'-ska-vol'va. A town in the Government of' Kalish. "Russian Poland, about 40 miles west of Lodz. It has manufactures of cotton and woolen goods. Popu- lation, in 1897, 15,934. ZE'A, or KE'A (Lat. Cea. from Gk. Kla. Kin, K^ws, Kros). The nnrthwesternmost island of the Cyclades, 13 miles east of Cape Colonna. 14 miles in length, and 8 in greatest breadth. Its