Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/897

* ZANESVILXE. 759 ZANTH0XYLU3a:. ZANESVILLE, zflnz'vll. The county-seat of Muskingum < iiiiiit}', Ohio, 50 miles east of Coluiiilms, at the conduenee of the Milskiiigiim anil Lieking rivers, anil on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Zanesville and Ohio River, the Bellaire, Zanesville and Cincinnati, the Cincinnati and MiLskingum Valley, and other railroads (Map: Ohio, (i 0). It has an attractive situation, flanked hy lofty hills, and is well laid oit. Anions the noteworthy features are the hridges spanning the Muskingum and Licking rivers, the county courtdiouse. city jail. Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Memorial Hall, and the buildings of the various fraternal organizations. There are six parks. Of the institutions of the city, the most prominent is the Zanesville Athemum with 12,- 000 volumes. Zanesville is situated in a section engaged in farming, and having extensive de- posits of limestone, clay, and coal. Good water power for manufacturing is derived from both rivers. In the census year 1900 the various es- tablishments had $.5,102,007 invested capital and an output valued at !f!7,4fi8,830. The manufac- ture of pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay prod- ucts is the leading industry. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad maintains shops here, and there are also foundries and machine shops, farm im- plement works, flouring mills, lumber and plan- ing mills, and manufactories of soap and candles, iron and steel, paving material, malt liquors, etc. The government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a imicameral council. The city solicitor, treasurer, auditor, and the board of public service are elected by popular vote. The board of public safety is appointed by the mayor, subject to the confirmation of the council, or if the council fails to agree to the mayor's appoint- ments, the board is appointed by the Governor of the State. All minor boards are appointed by the mayor. The water-works are the property of the municipality. Population, in 1890, 21,- 009; in 1900, 23,538. ZAN'GA. A revengeful iloor in Edward Young's tragedy The Ferenge, who ruins Don Alonzo by arousing his jealousy. The part was made famous bj' Macready and John Kemble. ZANG'WILL, Israel .(1864— ). A British novelist and man of letters, born of Hebrew par- ents in London. He was educated at the Jews' Free School. Spitalfields, in the East End of Lon- don. He traveled on lecturing tours in Ireland, Holland, Palestine, and the IJnited States. In literature he met with success in the essay, the humorous sketch, tlie drama, and the novel, especially the novel depicting Jewish scenes and characters. His .Jewish studies comprise mainly: Children of the Ghetto (1892) ; Ghetto Tragedies (1803) ; 7'he King of Hchnorrers, grotesques and fantasies, including "A Rose of the Ghetto" (1894) ; Dreamers of the Ghetto, containing ad- mirable sketches of great Jewish thinkers, as Spinoza and Lassalle (1898) ; They that Walk in Darkness (1890) : and The Mantle of Elijah (1900). Dramatized by the author in 1809. The Children of the Ghetto had a popular reception in New York and London. The Mantle of Elijah was also turned into a' drama. Some of his es- says contributed to the Pali Mall Ga~ettc Zang- will collected under the title Without Prejudice (1890). Among his other work in fiction and the fantastic sketch are: The Premier and the Painter (1888); The Bachelors' Cluh (1891); The llig lion-' Mystery (1802) ; The Old Maids' Club ('l892); Merely Mary Ann (1893): The Grey M'ig (1002). He al.so wrote a considerable amoiuit of verse. He was a prominent advocate of Zionism (see Zionist MoVEiiENT). ZANO'NI. A mystical historical novel by I'lulwcr Lytton (1842). A first sketch, entitled "Zicca," appeared in The Monthly Chronicle dur- ing the preceding year. ZANTE, zan'te or zan'tc. One of the principal Ionian islands, forming a noniarchy of Greece, situated eight miles south of Cephalonia and nine miles west of the Peloponnesus (Map: CJreece, B 4). Area, 277 square miles. The west- ern part of this beautiful island is characterized by chalk moimtains reaching a height of about 2700 feet. The eastern part is a rich plain flanked by the peak of Skopos. The island is subject to earthqiiakes. Its springs of mineral pitch have been known since the time of the ancient Greeks. The soil is fertile. Two-thirds of the area is in vine. Wine, olives, and fruits are exported. Zante is noted for currants, the shipments of which are, however, not so valu- able as formerly. The principal import is Rus- sian wheat. The capital is Zaiite. Since the earthquake of 1893 the island has not regained its former prosperous condition. Population, in. 1890, 45,032. In ancient times Zacynthus, as the island was called, was an independent State; became a member of the Confederacy of Delos; passed under the nile of INIacedon, and then of Rome; and became identified with the destinies of the Ionian Isles, with which it was annexed to Greece in 1864. ZANTE. The capital and chief port of the Greek island and noraarchy of Zante (Map: Greece. B 4). It is situated on the eastern shore of the island at the foot of a movmtain crowned by a citadel built by the Venetians. It has a good harbor, a custom-house, and an arsenal, and manufactures carpets and gold and silver ar- ticles. It shares, however, in the general back- ward condition of the island. Population, in 1806, 14,6.50. ZANTHOX'YrtTM (Neo-Lat., from Gk. iivOoi, xanthos, yellow + iv^ov, xylon, wood), often spelled Xantlwxylum. A genus of trees and shrubs, the type of the natural order Rutaceie. Zanthoxylum Amerieanum, a North American deciduous shrub or very small tree with ash-like leaves, is common frorii Canada to Virginia, and is called prickly ash or toothache tree, from the use made of the hot acrid bark and capsules for the relief of toothache. It has also been Vised in the United States as a remedy for chronic rheu- matism. Some of the species are popularly called peppers in their native countries, as in India and Japan, where they are used as a substitute for that condiment. This species is sometimes called Northern prickly ash, to distinguish it from Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, Hercules's club, a low-growing tree the bark of which is studded w'ith stout warty prickles,. and which is found from Virginia southward. Zanthoxylum rrihrosum, or Zanthoxylum floridanain, as it is better known, occurs in south Elorida, the Ba- hamas, etc., where it is called satinwood. Zan- thoxylum pterota, another small tree, is found