Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/896

* ZAMIA. 758 ZANELLA. of Zamia. Closely allied to it is the fossil genus Zauiites. The only common species in the United States is Zaviia integrifoUa, the coontie, which abounds in low grounds in southern Florida. It has short, globular or oblong stems with niuner- ous leaves spreading from their summits. The stems contain nnich starch, from which the Florida arrowroot is made. ZAMOJSKI, za-moi'ske. One of the most distinguished fjimilies of the Polish nobility. — Jan Zamojski (1541-1605) was born at Sko- kow, was educated at Strassburg and Padua, and became a leader in Polish affairs. He as- sisted in the election of Henry of Anjou to the Polish throne (1573) and became grand cham- berlain of the King. When Henry returned to France, Zamojski joined the party of Stephen Bathory, and on the latter's election (1575) became Grand Chancellor. He was commander- in-chief during the war with Russia, 1580-82, and secured favorable terms of peace. On the death of Bflthory, in 1586, he threw his influence in favor of the election of Sigismund III., though he himself might have secured the crown. He rendered his country great services by his defense of the borders against the Turks, the Cossacks, and the Swedes. He died at Zamosc in 1605. He was a munificent pati'on of literature, and him- self wrote De Senatu Eoniano (Venice, 156.3) and 7'cstamcntuni Jonnnis Zcimori (JIainz. 1006). — AXDRZE.J Zamojski, Count (1716-92), was born at Zdiezun, served for a time in the Saxon army, and reached the rank of major-general. On his return to Poland in 1754 he was raised to high ofiices, becoming Chancellor in 1764. He laid down this post in 1767. He was one of the first nobles to emancipate his serfs. He drew up a code of laws in 1776, the principles of which were incorporated in the Constitution of 1791. He died at Zamosc, February 10, 1792. Consult Mazade, Le comte Andre Zamoyski et le marquis Wiclopolski, deux portraits (Paris, 1863). — Andrzej Zamojski (1800-74) was the grandson of the preceding, and studied at Geneva and Edinburgh. In 1823 he entered the Polish civil service, and in 1831 was Minister of the Interior in the revolutionary Government. After the fail- ure of the ])atriotic movement Zamojski returned to his estates, carried on an agi-icultural paper, started a private bank, introduced steam-navi- gation on the Vistula, and was at the head of a great agricultural association which was regarded with disfavor by the Russian Government, and was supjiressod in 1862. Zamojski was banished and went to Paris. He died at Cracow, October 29, 1874. ZAMORA, tha-miVra. A town in the Prov- ince of Zamora, Spain, 130 miles northwest of Madrid, on the right bank of the Duero, which is here spanned by a magnificent foirteenth-cen- tury bridge of sixteen jiointed arches (Map: Spain, C 2). The interesting old town, situated on the slope of a hill, is picturesquely marked by its church towers. The cathedral is a twelfth- century structure in Romanesqtie style. La Mag- dalcna, dating from the twelfth century and the golden age of the Templars, and the parish Church of San Pedro and San Ildefonso are worthy of note. The municipal building dates from 1(522. The palace of the provincial deputa- tion has an elegant stairway and session chamber with many paintings illustrative of the early history of Zamora. The public hospital is an important structure with interesting Gothic win- dows. Among the leading manufactures of the city are serges, linens, leather, hats, brandies, and potterj'. Its population in 1900 was 16,417. Zamora is of ancient but uncertain origin. It figured in the wars between the Christians and the Mohammedans. It was at times the resi- dence of the kings of Leon and Castile and the meeting place of the Cortes. It was prominent during the War of the Communes. ZAMOSC, za'mosch (Russ. Zamostye). A district town in the Government of Lublin, Rus- sian Poland, 55 miles southeast of Lublin (Map: Russia, B 4). It manufactures bent furniture. Population, in 1897, 12,400, chiefly Poles. ZAMOUSE. The West African buffalo (q.v.). ZAMPIERI, tsam'pe-a're, DoMENlco. An Italian painter. See DOMENICHIKO. ZANAKDELLI, za'nar-delle, Giuseppe ( 1826-1903) . An Italian statesman, born in Bres- cia, and educated in law at the University of Padua. He took part in the rising against Aus- tria in 1848-49, and from 1851 to 1858 was a private tutor at Brescia. In 1860 he was elected to the new Italian Parliament at Turin, and from that time he was a prominent liberal member of the Chamber. When the Left first came into power with Depretis (q.v.) in 1876. Zanardelli accepted the portfolio of Public Works, but re- signed in November, 1877. He was Minister of the Interior in the Cairola Cabinet from ilarch to December, 1878, and from 1881 to 1883 was Minister of Justice, a post he again filled from 1887 to 1891, and from 1897 to 1898. He be- came Premier at the fall of Saracco in 1901. He was three times president of the Italian Chamber. ZAN'CLE. See Messina. ZANDER. See ]Mo-ement Cure. ZANE, Ebexezer (1747-1811). An American pioneer, born in Berkeley County, Va. (now West Va. ). In 1770 he made the first permanent settle- ment on the Ohio River (where Wheeling now stands), building there a blockhouse called Fort Henry, which was several times attacked Iiy In- dians during the Revolution. He owned the land on which the present Zanesville stands, and as- sisted in laying out the original settlement there. ZANELLA, za-nel'la, Giacomo (1820-88)., An Italian poet and historian of literature, born at Chiamj)o. lie was educated for the priesthood at the Seminarv of Vicenza, and was ordained in 1843. He taught for a time at the Seminary of Vicenza, and then in a lyceum at Venice in 1857. Afterwards he held a similar position at Padua, and from 1866 to 1870 w'as professor of Italian literature in the university of that city. From that time he devoted himself to literature exclusively. Although not a great poet, he expressed the ideals of national unity and faithfulness to the Church with considerable grace and facility. His literary studies arc trea- tises marked b.v a pleasing .style. His vohnnes of verse were: Yersi (1868); /( piccolo Calabrcsc (1870) ; Edvigc (1881), collected by Lnmportico (1894). His prose works include: f^tnria dclla letteratura itaViana (1880) ; Vitn di Andrea Pal- ladia (1880): and I'arallrli Irllcrari (1885). Consult Biadego, ffapfiin hihliofirn^co dccjli xcritti a atnmpa di (liacomo Znvella (Lucca, 18S8).