Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/879

* Y. W. C. A. 743 YPSILANTI. has 7 branches and 938 members. — France, affiliated in 1900, has 240 associations, 7000 mem- bers, and 10 regional divisions; Bible classes, foyers or chea]) lunch rooms, and temperance so- cieties are included. Organ, Journal de la jeitne fillc— Germany, alTdiated in ISiW, lias 4000 branches, chieliy parocliial, and 8(i,000 Tnembers. — Uiingary, alliliated in I'M'.i. — nali/. affiliated in 1897, has a.ssociations in all princijial cities and many small towns; annual conferences are held. — India, organized in 1897, has 120 branches, one-half using English, one-half various local dialects ; there are twenty-seven student branches. Bombay, Rangoon, and other cities own their own buildings. Camps and conferences for Bible study are held annually. Organ. Younij Women of India. — Canada, affiliated in 1898, has 14 city and 23 student associations, with a traveling secretary for each department; biennial national conventions are held. Organ, The Dominion. Tie. — The United States of America. The Araeriean Committee, affiliated in 1894, embraces 83 city associations, menibeiship 41,830, and 450 .stu- dent associations, membership 26,032. There are 23 State organizations which hold conven- tions, comprising associations in 40 States. The first association coniiected with this body was formed in the Illinois Normal University, 1872. Student associations especially in coeducational institutions of the ]Iiddle West, and town asso- ciations, were united in nine State associations, and in 1880 formed the National Young Women's Christian Association, with headquarters at Chi- cago. Among the fundamental principles adopted are: The dcfiniteness of the work, being solely -for young women along both religious and secu- lar lines; the basis of membership, voting and office-holding members being communicants of Protestant evangelical churches : the preventive and educative character of the work, and its conduct by volunteer boards and committees and by paid professional workers known as secre- taries. Of the 83 city associations, 4 are gospel settlements for women and girls. There are also 12 branch associations in 8 cities; 24 own buildings, 20 conduct boarding homes, 37 hold regular meetings in factories, .51 have noonday rests, 05 offer instruction in physical training to 7155 students. There are 8809 in educational classes, 4777 in Bible classes. There are also 12 association Bible circles in small towns. Of the 450 student associations, 14 employ general secretaries, advisory boards being formed from faculty members. All hold social and religious meetings. One himdred and sixteen colleges have missionary libraries: 10.412 students are in as- sociation Bible classes. The student department of the American Committee is one of the three constituents of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, and joined with the Inter- collegiate Young Men's Christian Association, forms the American branch of the World's Stu- dent Christian Federation. The American Com- mittee holds biennial conventions and four an- nual summer conferences; at Capitola, Cal.; Asheville, N. C. ; Silver Bay. N. Y.; and Lake Geneva, Wis., with a total attendance, in 1902, of 2025. It supports-four foreign secretaries in the India Yotmg Women's Christian Association. The International Board of Women'.s and Young Women's Christian Associations of the United States and Canada was formed in 1891, conven- tions of the associations now included having been held biennially since 1871. The first asso- ciation under thi.s board was formed in Boston in 1805. In 1901, 53 associations were reported, 40 having boarding homes; 23 have restaurants; 28 have enij)loymcnt bureaus; 21 traveler's aid; 28 own buildings; 29,794 members are in edu- cational, physical, and religious clas.scs. The value of property owned is $4,200,980. The World's Conmiittee also includes associations in Africa, Australia, South America, and the more remote European countries. In mission lands work is being undertaken at the solicitation of denominational missionaries, and secretaries are under ap[)ointmcnt to work in the colleges and cities, as in America. Binr.iocRAPiiY. The World's Young Women's Christian Association Second Conference Report (London, 1902) ; Young Women (Chicago, 1901); The .mcrican Committee Year Book (ib., 1903) ; Journal of the Sixteenth ISiennial Conference International Board Women's and Young Women's Christian Association (Cleve- land, 1901). YPRES, e'pr', or YPEREN, e'pe-ren. A town in the Province of A"est Flanders. Belgium, 35 miles south of Ostend, on the Yperlee River (Map: Belgium, A 4). The chief object of in- terest is the Cloth Hall, begun in 1201 and completed in 1342. Conspicuous also are the Gothic Cathedral of Saint Martin, dating from the thirteenth century, with rich carvings; the town hall, handsomely adorned with frescoes and paintings: and the eleventh-century Church of Saint Peter. Ypres was formerly a prominent industrial centre, especially known for its ex- tensive production of woolen goods. Linen and lace are at present the most important manu- factures. Population, in 1900, 17,371. Y'pres was at the zenith of its prosperity in the thirteenth century. YPSILANTI, Ip'se-liin'te, or HYPSILAN- TIS. The name of a Fanariot family (see Fa- NAKIOTS) claiming descent from a branch of the Imperial stock of the Comneni. The claim of its members to distinction is derived from their leadership of the Greeks in the struggle fin- independence of Turkish rule. — Ale.kander Ypsilanti (c. 1725- 1807) was Hospodar of Wal- lachia (1774-77, 1796-98) and of Moldavia (1787), and was executed at Constantinople for alleged complicity in Greek conspiracies. His son, Constantine 1'psilanti (1760-1816), was appointed Ho.spodar of Moldavia in 1799 and of Wallachia in 1802. His sympathv with Russia led (1806) to his dismiss:il and flight to Tran- sylvania. Reestablished in the government of Wallachia by the Russians, he- showed his hatred for the Porte by encouraging (1807) the Ser- vians in their insurrection, but soon retired to Kiev, in Russia, where he died in 1816. Of his sons, the eldest. Alexander (1792-1828), served for some time in the Russian army, fought with distinction against Napoleon in 1812-13, and by 1817 attained the rank of ma-' jor-general. He was chosen by the Hetierists as their chief in 1820. (See Het.eria Philike. ) In promotion of the cause of Greek independ- ence, he collected large sums in Russia, and at Jassy in March, 1821, proclaimed the independ- ence of Greece. Little suited by nature to guide