Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/865

* YORK. 731 YORK. royal visits, eonfereiiocs, and meetings of Parlia- ment. In 1536, (Inrinj; tlic insui-rections eonse- (liient upon the dissolution of the monasteries liy Henry Vlll., the city was seized by the insuri;ents of the 'pilgrimage of grace.' In its iiuiiii'diate neighborliood, l''airfax, in 1044, eon- ipiiTed Prince Kupert on !Marston Jloor. The city and castle, already besieged, surrendered to the Parliamentarians a few weel:s after. Popu- lation, in 1S91, 07,740; in PJOl, 77,793. Con- sult Twyford, i'orfc and York Vaslle (1883). YORK. A town in York County, Me., 40 miles ^outhwest of Portland, on the York Harbor and Beach Railroad. It is situated on the coast, and, aside from its historic interest, has con- siderable reputation as a summer resort. Popu- lation, in 1800, 2444; in 1000. 20(i3. York was settled as Agamcnticus in 1024. and was char- tered by Sir Ferdinando Gorges as a borough in 1041, and in 1042 as the city of Georgeana — the first English municipal corporation in ISforth America. It passed, along with the rest of Maine, under the jurisdiction of Jlassachusetts in 1052 and was incorporated as a town under its pres- ent name. In 1092 it was attacked by the In- dians and one-half of its inhal)itants were killed or captured. Consult Emery, Ancient Cil;/ of (teorqcnna and Modern Town of York (Boston, 1874). YORK. The county-.seat of York County, Xeb.. .'iO miles west of Lincoln, on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, the Kansas City and Omaha, and the Fremont. Elkhorn and Mis.souri Valley railroads (Map: Nebraska. G 3) . It is the seat of York College (United Brethren), opened in ISOO, and has the School of the Holy Family and a public library. There are also a fine county court house and a public park. Y'ork is the commercial centre for a farming and stock-raising section, and manufactures flour and foundry products. The government, under the revised charter of 1901, is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral council. York was settled in 1871, and was incorporated in 1880. Population, in 1890, 3405; in 1000, 5132. YORK. The county-seat of York County, Pa.. 100 miles west of Philadelphia, on the Pennsylvania, the Northern Central, the Wabash System, and other railroads. It is regularly laid out. Among the prominent institutions are the York Collegiate Institute, the York County Acad- emy, orphans' home, hospital, almshouse, and the public and Y'ork County Law libraries. There are two parks — Penn and Farquhar. Other fea- tures of interest include the post otlice. county court house, municipal building, high school building, opera house, and jail. York derives considerable commercial importance from its situation in a productive farming section, and is also a prominent industrial centre. In the cen- sus year 1900 the various manufacturing estab- lishments had $9,040,784 invested capital and an oitiuit valued at $11,901,700. The city is es])ecially interested in the manufacture of foun- dry and machine-shop products, tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes. There gre also silk mills, farm- implement works, piano and organ factories, planing mills, breweries, brick yards, and manu- factories of carriages and wagons, wall paper, aails and spikes, paper and wood pulp, furniture, Vol. XX.— 47. shirts, bridge work, .safes, flour, chains, wire cloth, cigar boxes, leather, artificial stone, etc. An extensive wholesale trade is earrie<l on. Un- der the charter of 1887, th(! government is vested in a mayor, chosen every three years, and a bi- cameral council. The subordinate olficials, with the exception of the .school board, which is elected by popular vote, are ajjpointed by the mayor, sub- ject to the confirmation of the .select council. For maintenance and o]ieration. the city spends annually about $204,000, tlu^ chief items being: Schools, including libraries, museums, etc., .$77,- 000; municipal jiffhting. $23,000; police depart- ment, $20.(100; streets, $15,000; and fire depart- ment, .%14.000. Population, in 1890, 20,793; in 1900, 33,708. Several Germans settled here in 1734, but a town was not laid out until 1741. From Septem- ber 30, 1777. until .Tune 27. 1778, the Continental Congress, driven from Philadelphia by the ap- proach of Howe's army, was in session here. In 1787 York w-as incorporated as a borough and in 1887 was chartered as a city. Consult Gib.son, History of York County (Chicago, 1886). YORK, Ilor.SE of. A royal house of Eng- land which contended with the House of Lan- caster for the possession of the throne in the fifteenth century. The Lancastrian line had ob- tained the crown in 1309 in the person of Henry IV. (q.v.) and remained in possession until the incapacity of Henry VI. (q.v. ) aiTorded an op- portunity for the assertion of the Yorkist claims by Richard. Duke of York (1411-00), who united in his person the claims of Lionel. Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III., and Edmund Langley, Duke of York, fifth son of that mon- arch. He thus could show a stronger title than Henry VI., who traced from John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III. Richard's aspirations for the crown and his rivalry with the ambitious Duke of Somerset led to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses. ( See RcSES, W.RS of the. ) Rich- ard perished at Wakefield in 1400, but the strug- gle was continued by his son Edward, who ascended the throne in the following year as Edward IV. (q.v.). Edward died in 1483;andthe throne was usurped by his brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who made way for his ac- cession by the murder of the sons of Edward. Richard fell at Bosworth in 1485. (See Richard III.) Henry, Earl of Richmond, the victor of Bosworth, by his marriage with Elizabeth, eldest child of Edward IV., united in himself the claims of the houses of Lancaster and York and reigned as Henry VII. (q.v.). George. Duke of Clarence, younger brother of Edward IV., who was executed in 1478, left a son. Edward, Earl of Warwick, and a daughter, Jlargaret. Edward was kept a prisoner in the Tower by Henry VIT. until 1400. Margaret married Sir Richard Pole and her fourth son was the cele- brated Cardinal Reginald Pole (q.v.). See Plan- TAGEKET. YORK, RiCH.KD, Duke of (1411-60). An English statesman, only son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge (d.l415), by Anne Mortimer, sister of Edmund. Earl of March. Before his majority he was appointed constable of England, and in 1436, under Henry VI.. Regent of France, with rank of lieutenant-general. He insisted on being recalled in the following year, but was reap-