Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/861

* YOLOF. 729 YONKERS. Thpy pay great attention to dress and personal ailoiniiicnt. Consult Dc Koger, h'cclicicliis philosophigues sur la langue oulofc (Paris, 182il). YONEZAWA, yO'na-ai'vii. An important town in the Province of Uzen, Japan, 125 miles north of Tokio, on the island of Hondo (.Map: Japan, G 5). It is in the soitheast of a fertile plain which is surrounded by lofty moun- tains, 30 miles di.stant. It is connected with rnUiishinia by railway. Po|iiihition, in 18118, 30,7 lit. YONGE, yiin.s;, Ciiarlottk Mary (1823- moi ). An English novelist, born at Otterbourne, in Hampshire. She was educated at hoine, and resided in her native place throughout her life. She is said to have fitted out Bishop Selwyn's missionary steamer tioiilhcrn Vrosx and to have built a missionary college at Auckland, New Zealand. In religion she was an adherent of the High Church, whose doctrines she quietly took for granted in her novels. For several years she edited the Uagazine for the Young, and for more than thirty years the Monthhj Pachet, in which many of her novels made their first appearance. Jliss" Yonge puldished about 125 volumes, com- prising historical and educational works and novels, most of them bearing a strong religions or moral stamp. Her first great success as novel- ist was with The Heir of Rcdchiffc ( 18.")3 ), which was very widely read. Its spiritual romanticism was not only popular with the lay pidilie, but it was received with enthusiasm by Morris and Ros- sctti. Miss Yonge's books for girls are perhaps best represented by The Dainy Chain (1856), and her essays in the field of historical romance by The Dove in the Eagle's Nest (186(i). Village life was admirably clepicted in a series of tales closing with Forget-Me-Not (1900). Among miscellaneous publications may be cited Cath- erine of Aragon and the Sotirces of the English Reformation (1881); Life of Hannah More (1888) ; and Life of the Prince Consort (1880). Consult Coleridge, Life of Charlotte M. Yonge (New York, 1903). YONGE, Sir William (c.1695-1755). An Englisli jiolitician and wit, fourth baronet, son of Sir Walter Yonge. He was born at Colyton. Devonshire, and in 1722 entered Parliament. He became an olfice-luniting Whig, disliked and some- what unaccountably distrusted, but so useful to Sir Robert Walpole and the King that be was appointed to a succession of important positions, such as one of the commissioners of the treas- ury. Secretary for War, and joint vice-treasurer of Ireland. Yonge's career was a remarkably successful one in spite of the universal contempt which lie aroused. This was perhaps due to his skill as a parliamentary debater and the fact that he was an unswerving and useful supporter of the Whig Party. He had no qualities of states- manship, however, and perhaps prided himself as much on his reputation as a wit as on his successes in politics. His satirical verses have nothing to commend them, though they led to the dislike of Pope, who mentions him in the Essaii on Man as Sir "Billy and refers to him elsewhere with great contempt. Tliat his opin- ion carried some weight is nevertheless evi- denced by the fact that Dr. .Johnson once ap- pealed to him in a question of pronunciation. YON'KERS. A city in Westchester County, N. v., adjoiuing New York City on the north; on the east bank of the Hudson liiver and on the New Yorli Central and Hudson Kiver Rail- road, from whose terminal in New York it is 15 miles distant (Map: New York, G 5). It is sit- luited on ground rising gradu:illy from the river. 'I'he more elevated section allords a magnificent view of the Hudson and of the Palisades (q.v.) on tlic o|)posite Ijank. and lias handsome residences. There arc 107 miles of streets, more than half of which distance is ])aved, the greater part with macadam. The most interesting structure of the city is the Philipse Manor House, dating from 1082, which now serves as the city hall. Other noteworthy features include the Hebrew Home for the Aged and Infirm, the Ix-ake and Watts Orphan House, Saint .Jolin's Riverside Hospital, Saint .loseph's Hospital, the HomfPO]iathic Hos- pital, and 'Greystone,' formerly the residence of Samuel J. Tilden. A haiulsonie liuilding for the use of the Public Library ( 18.000 volumes) is in course of construction in Wasliington Park. The funds for the superstructure, which will cost .$50,000, were donated by Andrew Carne- gie. There are also Saint .Joseph's Catholie Seminary, with a library of 22.000 volumes, the Hollywood Inn for Workingmen. with a library of 5300 volumes, and the free circulating library of the Woman's Institute. Not only is Yonkers an attractive residential city, but it has impor- tant industrial interests. In the census year 1900 the various manufacturing establishments had an invested capital of $13,097,205 and an output valued at $19,580,324. Hats, carpets, and rugs are among the principal products. There are large grain elevators, sugar refineries, foundries and machine shops, patent medicine and chemical factories, and the extensive works of the Otis Elevator Company, The government is vested in a maj-or, chosen biennially, and a common council. Of the subordinate officials, the board of assessors, the health, park. fire, police, civil service, and water commissioners, and the board of education, are a]ipointed by the mayor. The water-works, which represent a total expenditure of $1,676,984. are the property of the municipality. The city maintains three small public parks, a steel recreation pavilion on the water front, and two public bath-houses. For maintenance and operation it spends an- nuallv nearly $1,000,000, the chief items being: Schools, about .$250,000: interest on debt. $145.- 000: public lighting. $100,000: police depart- ment, $90,000 :" water-works, $80.000 : fire de- partment. $75,000: and streets. $55,000. The assessed valuation of real and personal property within the city for the vear 1902 was as follows: Real estate. '$38,749,918: personal. .$3,317,700. Population, in 1890, 32.033: in 1900. 47,931. Yonkers was first settled about 1650, and de- rives its name from Adrian Van der Donck, called De Jonkheer, or 'young nobleman," by the Dutch, who owned the surrounding teiritory from 1645 to 1672. From 1672 to 1779 it was included in the Philipse Manor, the part now constituting the city being called Philipsbiirg. During the Revo- lution it was in the midst of the 'Neutral Ground.' In 1788 the township of Yonkers was organized, and in 1855 the village of Yonkers was incorporated. In 1872 the town was divided, the north portion being chartered as a city, and the